rewrite规则 rewriterule
网络500错误
A conversion that is automatically generated by the compiler. Given an expression that needs a particular type but has an operand of a differing type , the compiler will automatically convert the operand to the desired type if an appropriate conversion exists.1、资源超载
rewrite规则 rewriterule
rewrite规则 rewriterule
如果没对网站进行什么更改的话,最可能出现的一种情况。即当某一进程占用太多资源的时候,会出现500错误,或者nginx如果开启了access log,太多的磁盘空间被占用,同样会出现500错误,建议在不需要的情况下,关闭access log。
2、nginx配置文件错误
这里不是指语法错误,nginx如果配置文件有语法错误,启动的时候就会提示。当配置rewrite的时候,有些规则处理不当会出现500错误,请仔细检查自己的rewrite规则。如果配置文件里有些变量设置不当,也会出现500错误,比如引用了一个没有值的变量。
3、文件权限设置错误
500错误还有可能是对文件设置了不正确的权限:
后台目录和文件的权限默认应该是755,而,文字等html文件应该是644,所以如果在刚刚上传文件后出现500错误,应该主要检查文件权限设置。
可以使用FTP软件选中所有文件,然后批量修改文件权限。
开始我以为是配置文件的问题,但好像改了也没用,各种方法都试过了,还是报同样的错误,在折腾了许久之后,偶然发现php代码在执行完数据库查询作后没关闭数据库通道(此时还没意思到错误在这儿),于是添加了一行代码关闭数据库。
C++类型转换规则、何时发生隐式类型转换及强制类型转换适用场合
C++做为强类型语言,要求编译期的类型声明与检查,要求表达式中各作数的类型(包括赋值作的左值和右值,以及形参和实参)具有一致性,但同时也允许一定的灵活性,允许类型在一定程度上的兼容,也就是允许类型遵循一定规则下的隐式转换和强制转换。
The type of the operand(s) determine wher an expression is legal and, if the expression is legal, determines the meaning of the expression. Howr, in C++ some types are related to one another. When two types are related, we can use an object or value of one type where an operand of the related type is expected. Two types are related if there is a conversion between them.
表达式是否合法取决于作数的类型,而且合法的表达式其含义也由其作数类型决定。但是,在 C++ 中,某些类型之间存在相关的依赖关系。若两种类型相关,则可在需要某种类型的作数位置上,使用该类型的相关类型对象或值。如果两个类型之间可以相互 转换 ,则称这两个类型相关。
1.1 The Arithmetic Conversions 算术转换
The language defines a set of conversions among the built-in types. Among these, the most common are the arithmetic conversions , which ensure that the two operands of a binary operator, such as an arithmetic or logical operator, are converted to a common type before the operator is evaluated. That common type is also the result type of the expression.
C++ 语言为内置类型提供了一组转换规则,其中最常用的是 算术转换 。算术转换保证在执行作之前,将二元作符(如算术或逻辑作符)的两个作数转换为同一类型,并使表达式的值也具有相同的类型。
The rules define a hierarchy of type conversions in which operands are converted to the widest type in the expression. The conversion rules are defined so as to preserve the precision of the values involved in a multi-type expression. For example, if one operand is of type long double, then the other is converted to type long double regardless of what the second type is.
算术转换规则定义了一个类型转换层次,该层次规定了作数应按什么次序转换为表达式中最宽的类型。在包含多种类型的表达式中,转换规则要确保计算值的精度。例如,如果一个作数的类型是 long double,则无论另一个作数是什么类型,都将被转换为 long double。
The st kinds of conversion are integral promotions . Each of the integral types that are aller than int char, signed char, unsigned char, short, and unsigned shortis promoted to int if all sible values of that type fit in an int. Otherwise, the value is promoted to unsigned int. When bool values are promoted to int, a false value promotes to zero and true to one.
需要注意的,上述所谓的转换只是运算时的类型转换,存储时还会转换为其声明时的类型。
When an unsigned value is involved in an expression, the conversion rules are defined to preserve the value of the operands. Conversions involving unsigned operands depend on the relative sizes of the integral types on the machine. Hence, such conversions are inherently machine dependent.
In expressions involving shorts and ints, values of type short are converted to int. Expressions involving unsigned short are converted to int if the int type is large enough to represent all the values of an unsigned short. Otherwise, both operands are converted to unsigned int. For example, if shorts are a half word and ints a word, then any unsigned value will fit inside an int. On such a machine, unsigned shorts are converted to int.
包含 short 和 int 类型的表达式, short 类型的值转换为 int 。如果 int 型足够表示所有 unsigned short 型的值,则将 unsigned short 转换为 int,否则,将两个作数均转换为 unsigned int 。例如,如果 short 用半字表示而 int 用一个字表示,则所有 unsigned 值都能包容在 int 内,在这种机器上, unsigned short 转换为 int。
The same conversion happens among operands of type long and unsigned int. The unsigned int operand is converted to long if type long on the machine is large enough to represent all the values of the unsigned int. Otherwise, both operands are converted to unsigned long.
long 和 unsigned int 的转换也是一样的。只要机器上的 long 型足够表示 unsigned int 型的所有值,就将 unsigned int 转换为 long 型,否则,将两个作数均转换为 unsigned long 。
On a 32-bit machine, long and int are typically represented in a word. On such machines, expressions involving unsigned ints and longs are converted to unsigned long.
在 32 位的机器上,long 和 int 型通常用一个字长表示,因此当表达式包含 unsigned int 和 long 两种类型,其作数都应转换为 unsigned long 型。
对于包含 signed 和 unsigned int 型的表达式,其转换可能出乎我们的意料。表达式中的 signed 型数值会被转换为 unsigned 型。例如,比较 int 型和 unsigned int 型的简单变量,系统首先将 int 型数值转换为 unsigned int 型,如果 int 型的值恰好为负数,其结果将以下述方法转换,并带来其所有副作用。
The compiler applies conversions for both built-in and class type objects as necessary. Implicit type conversions take place in the following situations:
编译器在必要时将类型转换规则应用到内置类型和类类型的对象上。在下列情况下,将发生隐式类型转换:
In expressions with operands of mixed types, the types are converted to a common type:
在混合类型的表达式中,其作数被转换为相同的类型:
An expression used as a condition is converted to bool:
用作条件的表达式被转换为 bool 类型:
Conditions occur as the first operand of the conditional (?:) operator and as the operand(s) to the logical NOT (!), logical AND (&&), and logical OR (||) operators. Conditions also appear in the if, while, for, and do while statements.
条件作符(?:)中的个作数以及逻辑非(!)、逻辑与(&&)和逻辑或(||)的作数都是条件表达式。出现在 if、while、for 和 do while 语句中的同样也是条件表达式。
An expression used to initialize or assign to a variable is converted to the type of the variable:
用一表达式初始化某个变量,或将一表达式赋值给某个变量,则该表达式被转换为该变量的类型:
In addition,implicit conversions also occur during function calls.
3.1 static_cast
Any type conversion that the compiler performs implicitly can be explicitly requested by using a static_cast:
Such casts are useful when assigning a larger arithmetic type to a aller type. The cast rms both the reader of the program and the compiler that we are aware of and are not concerned about the potential loss of precision. Compilers often generate a warning for assignments of a larger arithmetic type to a aller type. When we provide the explicit cast, the warning message is turned off.
当需要将一个较大的算术类型赋值给较小的类型时,使用强制转换非常有用。此时,强制类型转换告诉程序的读者和编译器:我们知道并且不关心潜在的精度损失。对于从一个较大的算术类型到一个较小类型的赋值,编译器通常会产生。当我们显式地提供强制类型转换时,信息就会被关闭。
A static_cast is also useful to perform a conversion that the compiler will not generate automatically. For example, we can use a static_cast to retri a pointer value that was stored in a void pointer:
如果编译器不提供自动转换,使用 static_cast 来执行类型转换也是很有用的。例如,下面的程序使用 static_cast 找回存放在 void 指针中的值:
When we store a pointer in a void and then use a static_cast to cast the pointer back to its original type, we are guaranteed that the pointer value is preserved. That is, the result of the cast will be equal to the original address value.
可通过 static_cast 将存放在 void 中的指针值强制转换为原来的指针类型,此时我们应确保保持指针值。也就是说,强制转换的结果应与原来的地址值相等。
3.2 const_cast
A const_cast, as its name implies, casts away the constness of its expression. For example, we might he a function named string_copy that we are certain reads, but does not write, its single parameter of type char. If we he access to the code, the best alternative would be to correct it to take a const char. If that is not sible, we could call string_copy on a const value using a const_cast:
const_cast ,顾名思义,将 转换掉 表达式的 const 性质。例如,设有函数 string_copy,只有的参数,为 char 类型,我们对该函数只读不写。在访问该函数时,的选择是修改它让它接受 const char 类型的参数。如果不行,可通过 const_cast 用一个 const 值调用 string_copy 函数:
Only a const_cast can be used to cast away constness. Using any of the other three forms of cast in this case would result in a compile-time error. Similarly, it is a compile-time error to use the const_cast notation to perform any type conversion other than adding or removing const.
只有使用 const_cast 才能将 const 性质转换掉。在这种情况下,试图使用其他三种形式的强制转换都会导致编译时的错误。类似地,除了添加或删除 const 特性,用 const_cast 符来执行其他任何类型转换,都会引起编译错误。
3.3 reinterpret_cast网络安全是个广而深的领域,为加强网络安全防护、避免漏洞所引发的威胁,漏洞管理成为重要IT策略。本篇文章主要给大家介绍下文件上传漏洞,请看下文:
A reinterpret_cast generally performs a low-ll reinterpretation of the bit pattern of its operands.
reinterpret_cast 通常为作数的位模式提供较低层次的重新解释。
A reinterpret_cast is inherently machine-dependent. Safely using reinterpret_cast requires compley understanding the types involved as well as the details of how the compiler implements the cast.
reinterpret_cast 本质上依赖于机器。为了安全地使用 reinterpret_cast,要求程序员完全理解所涉及的数据类型,以及编译器实现强制类型转换的细节。
在引入命名的强制类型转换作符之前,显式强制转换用圆括号将类型括起来实现:
The effect of this cast is the same as using the reinterpret_cast notation. Howr, the visibility of this cast is considerably less, it n more difficult to track down the rogue cast.
效果与使用 reinterprwordpress网站设定伪静态有益于seo优化,而且有益于百度搜索引擎网络爬虫浏览,提升网址文章内容百度收录的速率。下边享一下wordpress网站伪静态设定的方式。et_cast 符号相同,但这种强制转换的可视性比较,难以跟踪错误的转换。
旧式强制转换依赖于所涉及的数据类型,具有与 const_cast、 static_cast 和 reinterpret_cast 一样的行为。在合法使用 static_cast 或 const_cast 的地方,旧式强制转换提供了与各自对应的命名强制转换一样的功能。如果这两种强制转换均不合法,则旧式强制转换执行 reinterpret_cast 功能。例如,我们可用旧式符号重写上一节的强制转换:
By using a cast, the programmer turns off or dampens normal type-checking. We strongly recommend that programmers oid casts and beli that most well-formed C++ programs can be written without relying on casts.
强制类型转换关闭或挂起了正常的类型检查。强烈建议程序员避免使用强制类型转换,不依赖强制类型转换也能写出很好的 C++ 程序。
arithmetic conversion(算术转换)
A conversion from one arithmetic type to another. In the context of the binary arithmetic operators, arithmetic conversions usually attempt to preserve precision by converting a aller type to a larger type (e.g., all integral types, such as char and short, are converted to int).
算术类型之间的转换。在使用二元算术作符的地方,算术转换通常将较小的类型转换为较大的类型,以确保精度(例如,将小的整型 char 型和 short 型转换为 int 型)。
dynamic_cast
Used in combination with inheritance and run-time type identification.
用于结合继承和运行时类型识别。
implicit conversion(隐式类型转换)
编译器自动实现的类型转换。设表达式需要某种特定类型的数值,但其作数却是其他不同的类型, 此时如果系统定义了适当的类型转换 ,编译器会自动根据转换规则将该作数转换为需要的类型。
integral promotions(整型提升)
整型提升是标准类型转换规则的子集,它将较小的整型转换为最接近的较大数据类型。整型(如 short、char 等)被提升为 int 型或 unsigned int 型。
reinterpret_cast
Interprets the contents of the operand as a different type. Inherently machine-dependent and erous.
将作数内容解释为另一种不同的类型。这类强制转换本质上依赖于机器,而且是非常危险的。
static_cast
An explicit request for a type conversion that the compiler would do implicitly. Often used to override an implicit conversion that the compiler would otherwise perform.
编译器隐式执行的任何类型转换都可以由 static_cast 显式完成。我们常常使用 static_cast 取代由编译器实现的隐式转换。
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求高手帮忙把伪静态规则转变成IIS的伪静态规则,我有Apache规则以及Nginx规则代码,希望帮我转变成IIS的
实现方式可以参考 Wordpress MU代码。有些上传模块,会对类型头进行检测,如果是类型,允许上传文件到,否则返回上传失败,因为服务端是通过content-type判断类型,content-type在客户端可被修改。
我的网站怎么实现多个二级域名
1.2 Conversions between Signed and Unsigned Types 有符号与无符号类型之间的转换这个需要你的支持域名泛解析功能。
即,在域名控制面板中添加一条 .domainname 127.0.0.1 这样一条记录。
然后在程序中作相应的编译器隐式执行的任何类型转换都可以由 static_cast 显式完成:处理,以及rewrite规则设定。
需要支持泛解析,和域名泛解析
做下范解析就可以
新手提问thinkphp3.2.3访问IndexController.class.php内的自定义方法
Subset of the standard conversions that take a aller integral type to its most closely related larger type. Integral types (e.g. short, char, etc.) are promoted to int or unsigned int.把URL_MODEL调成2, Apache服务的话,把rewrite打开,去开发文档里有.htaccess的规则,保存成.htaccess文件放到根目录下, iis的话那你要根据.htaccess的规则写相应的rewrite规则,U()方法生成的就隐去index.php了,要记得把rDepending on the types involved, an old-style cast has the same behior as a const_cast, a static_cast, ora reinterpret_cast. When used where a static_cast or a const_cast would be legal, an old-style cast does the same conversion as the respective named cast. If neither is legal, then an old-style cast performs a reinterpret_cast. For example, we might rewrite the casts from the previous section less clearly using old-style notation:ewrite规则写进去,不然访问不了
望采纳
苹果cms怎么修改伪静态路径?
最简单的转换为 整型提升 :对于所有比 int 小的整型,包括 char、signed char、unsigned char、short 和 un若表达式中使用了无符号( unsigned )数值,所定义的转换规则需保护作数的精度。unsigned 作数的转换依赖于机器中整型的相对大小,因此,这类转换本质上依赖于机器。signed short,如果该类型的所有可能的值都能包容在 int 内,它们就会被提升为 int 型,否则,它们将被提升为 unsigned int。如果将 bool 值提升为 int ,则 false 转换为 0,而 true 则转换为 1。如果目前不知道Rewrite 规则中的中文字符怎么办
Conversions for expressions involving signed and unsigned int can be surprising. In these expressions the signed value is converted to unsigned. For example, if we compare a plain int and an unsigned int, the int is first converted to unsigned. If the int happens to hold a negative value, the result will be converted as described as belows, with all the attendant problems discussed there.站IP访问量大,建议你用云主机,带宽达不到云主机
网络安全文件上传漏洞指什么?类型有哪些?
文件上传的类型:文件上传漏洞是指:由于程序员未对上传的文件进行严格的验证和过滤,而导致的用户可以越过其本身权限向上传可执行的动态脚本文件。如常见的
另外,在函数调用中也可能发生隐式类型转换。头像上传,上传,oa办公文件上传,媒体上传,允许用户上传文件的地方如果过滤不严格,恶意用户利用文件上传漏洞,上传有害的可以执行脚本文件到中,可以获取的权限,或进一步危害。
非法用户可以上传的恶意文件控制整个网站,甚至是控制,这个恶意脚本文件,又被称为webshell,上传webshell后门之后可查看信息、目录、执行系统命令等。
1、前端js绕过
在文件上传时,用户选择文件时,或者提交时,有些网站会对前端文件名进行验证,一般检测后缀名,是否为上传的格式。如果上传的格式不对,则弹出提示文字。此时数据包并没有提交到,只是在客户端通过js文件进行校验,验证不通过则不会提交到进行处理。
2、修改content-type绕过
3、绕黑名单
上传模块,有时候会写成黑名单限制,在上传文件的时获取后缀名,再把后缀名与程序中黑名单进行检测,如果后缀名在黑名单的列表内,文件将禁止文件上传。
4、htaccess重写解析绕过
上传模块,黑名单过滤了所有的能执行的后缀名,如果允许上传.htaccess。htaccess文件的作用是:可以帮我们实现包括:文件夹密码保护、用户自动重定向、自定义错误页面、改变你的文件扩展名、封禁特定IP地址的用户、只允许特定IP地址的用户、禁止目录列表,以及使用其他文件作为index文件等一些功能。
在htaccess里写入SetHandler
application/x-d-php则可以文件重写成php文件。要htaccess的规则生效,则需要在apache开启rewrite重写模块,因为apache是多数都开启这个模块,所以规则一般都生效。
5、大小写绕过
有的上传模块 后缀名采用黑名单判断,但是没有对后缀名的大小写进行严格判断,导致可以更改后缀大小写可以被绕过,如PHP、Php、phP、pHp。
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