八年级上学期语法表 八年级上语法知识点总结

8年级上册1-12语法

[人教版]新目标英语八年级上册知识要点 Unit 1 How often do you exerciseUnit 8 How was your school trip? 重点语法：一般过去时态结构：主语 +

八年级上学期语法表 八年级上语法知识点总结

八年级上学期语法表 八年级上语法知识点总结

八年级上学期英语所有的重要语法+语言点（整理）

1. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 2. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 3. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 8. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 9. with one accord (=with rybody agreeing)一致地 10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 11. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 12. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 13. give . an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) 14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 15. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame . for sth. ; blame sth. on . ; complain about) 指控,控告 18. be acquainted with(=to he knowledge of) 了解; (=to he met socially) 熟悉 19. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 20. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 21. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 22. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 23. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 24. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 25. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 26. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 27. admit of (=be capable of, lee room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 28. in aance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 29. to aantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 30. he an aantage over 胜过. he the aantage of 由于…处于有利条件 he the aantage of .知道某人所不知道的事 31. take aantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 32. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 33. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 34. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 35. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中. 36. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 37. in all (=counting ryone or rything, altoger) 总共, 总计 38. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎. 39. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到. 40. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于. 41. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责. 42. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合. 43. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for 44. apologize to . for sth. 为…向…道歉 45. appeal to . for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to . 对某人有吸引力 46. apply to . for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用. 47. apply to 与…有关;适用 48. approve of (=consent to, be in for of, for, agree to, consider good, right) , approve vt. 批准 49. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 50. arrange for ./sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 51. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 52. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻 53. assure . of sth. (=try to cause to beli or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信. 54. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结 55. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做… 56. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 57. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法 58. attribute…to…(=to beli sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果 59. on the erage (=on erage, on an erage) 平均 60. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , hing knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道. 61. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面 62. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧. 63. at one’s back(=supporting or foring .) 支持,维护; he . at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台 64. turn one’s back on . (=turn away from . in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃 65. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话) 66. be based on / upon 基于 67. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上 68. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢 69. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, (经常用于开始语) 70. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义 71. beli in(=he faith or trust in; consider sth./. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰. 72. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处. 73. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 74. for the better 好转 75. get the better of (=defeat .) 打败, 胜过. 76. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生 77. blame . for sth. 因…责备某人 blame sth. on . 把…推在某人身上 78. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) 79. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机 80. boast of (or about) 吹嘘 81. out of breath 喘不过气来 82. in brief(=in as few words as sible)简言之 83. in bulk 成批地,不散装的 84. take the floor 起立发言 85. on business 出办事. 86. be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 87. last but one 倒数第二. 88. last but not least一点但也是最重要的一点 89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示设 90. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买 . be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被…的 92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any pr, at any cost, whatr happens; anyhow)无论如何 93. in case (=for fear that) 万一; 94. in case of (=in the nt of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言 95. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 96. be cautious of 谨防 97. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上 98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 100. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 101. for a change换换环境(花样等) 102. charge . with …控告某人犯有… 103. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管 104. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 105. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge . with sth. 控告某人犯有… 106. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地 高考书面表达必背词组 (1) 首先，尤其重要的，最重要的 above all 偶然，无意中 by accident 对（于）…很积极 be active in 合计为 add up to 承让错误 admit one’s mistake 接受某人的建议 take / follow one’s a 就…提出建议 give a on 建议某人做某事 a . to do sth. 后天 the day after tomorrow 毕竟；终究 after all 违心 against one’s will 在…岁时 at the age of 实现目标 achi one’s aim 在空中；悬而未决 in the air 在户外，在露天里 in the open air 在机场 at the airport 火警 the fire alarm 满腔怒火 be filled with anger 因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth. 生某人的气 be angry with . 通知 make an announcement 相继地，按顺序地 one after another 相互，彼此（三者或三者以上之间）one another 相互（指两者之间）each other 没有回答 give no answer 为…而担心 be anxious about 急于做某事 be anxious to do sth. 分开住 live apart 除了 apart from 因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to for sth. 与某人争论某事 argue with . about sth. 放在一边 lay sth. aside 请某人指点 / 帮助 ask . for a / 惊讶于… be astonished at sth. 以前，曾经 at one time 注意 pay attention to 对…抱正确的态度 take a correct attitude towards sth. 引起（注意，兴趣等）

八年级上册英语语法重点归纳

这篇文章汇总归纳了八年级上册英语语法的重要知识点，一起看一下具体内容，供参考。

特殊疑问句

1.结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句，即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+其他)

2.疑问代词：

1)Who 谁。做主语，用来指人：Who is the boy under the tree?

2)Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人：Whom are you writing to?

3)Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词：Whose pen is this?

4)Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择；Which pen is Lily’s?

5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下：What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?

3.疑问副词：

1)When 何时，询问时间：When will she come back?

2)Where 何地，询问地点：Where do you come from?

3)Why 为什么，询问原因：Why are you late for school?

4)How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等：How do you usually go to school?

5)How old 多大，询问年龄：How old is Jim’s little brother?

6)How many/much 多少，询问数量：How many birds are there in the tree?

7)How far 多远，询问距离：How far is it form your home to school?

8)How long 多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离：How long will you stay in Beijing?

9)How often 多长时间按一次，询问频率：How often do you go to see your grandparents?

10)How soon 多久，询问时间：How soon will you come back?

现在完成时

1.过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成了一定的影响和后果;

2.结构：由助动词he/has+动词的过去分词构成;

肯定句

现在完成时的肯定句式是“he(has)+过去分词”。

注意：该句式中的he或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用he。

疑问句

现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词he或has提到主语之前。

回答：Yes, … he(has).

No, … hen’t(hasn’t).

否定句：

现在完成时的否定句式是“hen't(hasn't)+过去分词”。

3.现在完成时的时间状语:already, just, yet, since, r, nr;

4.与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时是强调动作在过去发生，而现在完成时是强调过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响和后果。

5.一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, just now, …ago, last week,2 years ago,in 1980等。

过去进行时

1.基本概念

表示在过去某一具体时间内的某一持续，即过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去时间的词组或从句连用。

2.基本结构：be动词的过去式was/were+现在分词，即：was/were+doing。

was用于人称及第三人称单数，were用于第二人称及复数。

3.基本用法

(1)表示过去某时间正在进行的动作或持续的行为，常和表过去的时间状语连用。

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

(2)可用来为另一个动作的发生提供背景。表示背景的句子通常用过去进行时，而另一个句子则用一般过去时。

He hurt his leg when he was riding a bike.他在骑车时把腿摔坏了。

八年级上学期的英语语法总结（全部）!

一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有:

many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等.例如:

Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.

开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿.

I he been there dozens of times.

我已去过那儿很多次了.

There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.

教室里有许多学生在读英语.

Many a student has(=many students he)visited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数)

很多学生都游览过长城.

In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.

冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠.

注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后面要接of, 表示“……中的很多”. 例如:

A great many(of the) graduates he found jobs.

毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作.

二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:

much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等.例如:

Is there much water in the bucket?

桶里有很多水吗?

He always has a great amount of work to do.

他总是有很多工作要做.

三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:

a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数).例如:

There is still lots of snow in the garden.

花园里还有许多雪.

There is plenty of rain here.

这儿的雨水很多.

A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.

大厅里放了很多鲜花.

There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.

橱柜里有许多食物.

在所有这些表示“很多”的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句.例如:

Are there many people in the street?

街上有很多人吗?

There isn’t much time left.

剩下的时间不多了.

其它的词语都用于肯定句,日常会话中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文体中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等.但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等词修饰时,则必须使用 many, much.例如:

The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as ,000.

无家可归的人数多达,000人.

There is too much work to do.

要做的工作太多了.

或者是这样的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?

Grammar: 特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等.

特殊疑问句的构成及用法：

结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句, 即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）

疑问代词：

1) Who:谁.做主语,用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?

2）Whom 谁,做宾语,用来指人 Whom are you writing to?

3) Whose 谁的,用来指所属关系,如果做定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?

4) Which 哪个,哪些,用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?

5)What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?

疑问副词：

When:何时,询问时间 When will she come back?

Where何地,询问地点, Where do you come from?

Why为什么,询问原因, Why are you late for school?

How 如何,询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?

How old多大,询问年龄,How old is Jim’s little brother?

How many/much多少,询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?

How far多远,询问距离, How far is it form your home to school?

How long多长,多久,询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?

How often多长时间按一次,询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?

How soon多久,询问时间 How soon will you come back?

频率副词：表示动作发生的频率,nr, sometimes, often, usually, always.

Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?

Grammar:

1. 用he 来描述身体不适 he/he got a +疾病名字；得了……病

2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形

Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?

Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时

表示将要做某事或打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化.Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式,但用于表示将来.用进行时表将来,常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情,一般指个人要做的事.用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词,如,go, come, lee, start, arrive, move等.

一．肯定句中,结构为“be+doing.”

I am going shopping this afternoon.

二．否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.

三．一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.

四．特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序.”

What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?

Who are you going there with? Where is she going?

Unit 4 How do you get to school?

Grammar: How的特殊疑问句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句.

How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.

How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.

How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.

How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.

How many storybooks do you he? I he five storybooks.

How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.

特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式,用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等.如：How about playing tennis?

Unit 5 Can you come to my party?

Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答

情态动词can的用法：

Can 是最长用的情态动词,其后跟动词原形,can的否定形式为cannot,can’t.

can表“能力”,意思是：能,会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.

can表示能力时可和be able to 互换,be able to有更多的时态,常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念.E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.

表示“可能性”,意思是：可以,可能.That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.

表示允许,意思是可以能够 You can he the book when I he finished it.

表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”.意思是“会、可能.”

This can’t be true. Can it be true?

如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请

表达邀请的常用句型：

Can you come to…?

Could you come to…?

Would you like to come to…?

Do you want to come to…?

接受邀请的常用句型：

Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.

谢绝邀请的常用句型：

I’m sorry, I can’t. I he to…

I’m afraid I can’t. I he to…

I don’t think I can. I he to…

Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.

Grammar:形容词的比较级

规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93）

than 是比较级中最常见的标志词,意思是“比”.用于引出比较的对象.1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.

形容词比较级前,有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, n, three times等词来修饰.Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一点.a little shorter, 稍微矮点；n表示“甚至,更加,还要……”n bigger还要大些,three times表示 “…三倍”,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍

Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级,very,so,too, quite 修饰原级

Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?

Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词

一．可数名词

英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词.可数名词指物体的数量可数.其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个,如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外）,如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags

二．不可数名词

1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数.不可数名词没有单复数之分,也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词

仁爱英语八年级上册语法

Unit 1 Playing Sports

Topic 1 What’s your forite sport?

重点语法

一般将来时：

（一）be going to 结构: ①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。 如：I’m going to play basketball with my ctes this Sunday.

我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。

She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.

她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。

②表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。

如：Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！

（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.

表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或，是临时的一种决定。

如：a. ----Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。

----I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。

b. ----Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？--I will he a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。c. Don’t worry. I’ll you. 别担心。我会帮你的。

表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、设和推测。

如： I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。

Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。

表示许诺。如： I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。

I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。

句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.

否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.

一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?

回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.

（三）动词plan, come, go, lee, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.

如： I’m coming. 我就来。

He is leing for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。

We are going to Beijing. 我们将去。

5. There be 句型的一般将来时

正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.

= There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.

误:There will he a sports meeting in our school this weekend.

= There is going to he a sports meeting in our school this weekend.

四、重点语法

(一) 情态动词: must 与 he to

① must ＂必须;一定”, 表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,侧重表达说话者的主观看法.（只有一种时态）如：We must wash hands before meals. 饭前我们必须洗手.

We must eat healthy food. 我们必须吃健康的食物.

② he to “不得不,必须”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而＂不得不做某事＂．（可用于各种时态）

如：It’s too late. I he to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了.

I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱.

----Must we keep the windows open all the time?---No, we don’t he to. / No, we needn’t. (注意回答时不能用No, we mustn’t.)

1）Are you free this ning? = Do you he time this ning? 你今天晚上有空吗？

三.语法学习

1.I used to listen to rock music but now I collect ephone cards and paintings. (Page 53)

我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。

used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑问句为Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...?如：

1）I used to go to school on foot.

我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。）

2）Mary used to sleep late.

玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。）

3)I used to walk along the road after supper.

我过去常常在晚饭后沿着这条马路散步。

4)He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it.

他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。

现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如：

1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much.

我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。

2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？

3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？

另外，注意be used to doing sth.与used to do sth.的区别：

be used to doing sth “习惯于…，适应于…”如:

1）He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。2）He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。

3）I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。

be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：

1）Wood is used to make . 木材被用来生产纸张。

2）Comrs can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。

2. Collecting stamps must be great fun! (Page 53)集邮肯定很有趣！

must在这里是情态动词，作用是用来表示推测，可以翻译为“想必”。如:

1)Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.

你的哥哥想必在学校。我刚才看见他了。

2)Your friend must he left for Nanjing yesterday.

你的朋友想必昨天已经离开去南京了。

3) She thought that her present must be in the box.她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。

4) You must be thirsty after a long walk.走了很长的路，你一定渴了。

5) It must be ten o’clock now.现在肯定有10点钟了。情态动词must的三种否定形式

must表示“必须”时，其否定回答为don’t he to，意思为“不需要”。如:

1）Must I pay back the money right now? No, you don’t he to.

我必须现在偿还这笔钱吗？不，你不需要现在还。2）You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.你必须在课堂上认真听讲。

must表示“推测”时，其否定形式为can’t，意思为“不可能”。如:

1）I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be ling lies.我目睹了她所说的事情，因此，她不可能在说谎。

2）Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here. 昨天我收到了他的信，所以说他不可能在这儿。而must not的意思为“不可，不许，禁止”。如：1）You must not oke in the hospital.你不可以在医院里吸烟。

2）You must not cross the road when the traffic lights are red.交通灯是红色时，你千万不能过马路。3.He doesn’t mind wher they’re good or not. 他并不介意它们是否是好的。

此句为以wher的宾语从句。wher...or not“不论是否……”。如：

1）You he to get up early ryday wher it rains or not.你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。2）Wher we go or not matters little.不论我们是否去，关系不大。

if与wher的区别。

二者在宾语从句时一般可换用。如：

1)I want to know if / wher it is going to rain tomorrow.我想知道明天是否下雨。

2) He asked me if / wher Li Ping was at home.他问我李平是否在家。3) He didn’t understand if / wher the stranger told a lie.他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是话。

但下列几种情况不能换用。

wher 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。

Let me know wher or not you can come.

你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。

wher的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。如：Wher this is true or not, I can not say.这件事是否真实，我说不上。

不定式前用wher，不用if。如：I hen’t decided wher to go to the cinema or to stay at home.我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。

介词后可用wher，不用if。如：

I hen’t settled the question of wher I’ll go back home.我是否回家还没有定。

Topic2 I like pop music

三.语法学习

1. What a pity! (Page 61)真遗憾！

这是一个由what的感叹句。what感叹句的基本构成为：

what + a / an +（形容词）+可数名词单数！

what +（形容词）+可数名词复数/不可数名词！如：1）What a stupid question!多么愚蠢的问题啊！2）What lively boys they are! 多么活泼的男孩子们啊2. What are you going to do this Sunday ning?(Page61) 这一周日晚上你想干什么1)“be going to” 是一般将来时的一种表达方法.它表示:

i) 现在打算在最近或将来要做某事. 如: Tom is going to Beijing with his father next week.

ii) 说话人根据已有的迹象认为可能要发生某事. 如: There are a lot of dark clouds. It’s going to rain.

2) “be going to”句式的基本结构:

肯定句:主语+be going to … eg. He is going to stay at school.

否定句:主语+be + not +going to… eg. I’m not going to the library this afternoon.

一般疑问句: Be +主语+going to… eg. Are you going to play tennis next week?

3)be going to 用于there be 结构时要用There be going to be + 主语+其它形式.

如: There is going to be a football tomorrow.

4)与be going to 连用的时间状语有: next week/month/year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this ning, in the future等.

Topic3 The movie is so wonderful!

三.语法学习 I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning. (Page 69)

我在洗衣服。 我在打扫卫生。这句用的是过去进行时.

1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那个阶段正在进行的动作.如:

He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.

They were writing a book last month.

1. 过去进行时由be (was/were)+动词ing 形式构成的,肯定句:主语+was/were +doing +…

否定句: 主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…

一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+doing+…

肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.

否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.

如: They were studying English at this tine yesterday.They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday. Were they studying English at this time yesterday?

Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

11. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. (Page 74)

然后决定你的周末怎么过。

spend度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如：

1）He spent 5 yuan on the t card. 他买这张明信片花了5元钱。

2)They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill.

他们用了三天的时间在山上找丢失的羊。

12. Did you he a good time? (Page 76) 你们玩得高兴吗？

he a good time = enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴。类似的说法还有he a great time, he a n time, he a wonderful time。

三.语法学习 I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning. (Page 69)

我在洗衣服。 我在打扫卫生。这句用的是过去进行时.

1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那个阶段正在进行的动作.如:

He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.

They were writing a book last month.

2. 过去进行时由be (was/were)+动词ing 形式构成的,肯定句:主语+was/were +doing +…

否定句: 主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…

一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+doing+…

肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.

否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.

如:They were studying English at this tine yesterday. They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday. Were they studying English at this time yesterday? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

Unit 4 Our World

三.语法学习

（一.）现在进行时与过去进行时的区别：

1.现在进行时表示现在正在发生或正在做的事情，基本结构be＋现在分词。如：

肯定句：The robots are a car now. 这些机器人正在生产小汽车。

否定句：We are not studying on the Internet. 我们没有在互联网上学习。

疑问句：Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary？这个老师正在词典中查这个词吗？特殊疑问句：Who am I talking to？我在和谁谈话？

2.过去进行时表示过去某一时间，正在发生或正在做的事情。基本结构was（were）＋现在分词。

肯定句：When he came in,I was writing a letter.当他进来时，我在写一封信。

否定句：They weren’t watching TV while she was reading.她读书时，他们没在看电视。

疑问句：Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night ?昨晚8点UFO向我们飞来了吗？特殊疑问句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping?我们睡觉时，你们在喝什么？

进行时态往往用在时间状语从句中，常与when,while等连词搭配。

（二.）be sure结构表示肯定和不肯定。be sure一般用来表示肯定，be not sure（wher/if）表示不肯定。

be sure后面可以跟不定式和宾语从句。跟不定式一般译为“一定……”，跟宾语从句，译为“确信……”。如：We are sure to repair the TV well. 我们一定修好这台电视机。

I’m sure you can finish your work. 我确信你能完成你的工作。Are you sure wher（if）he switched the comr on? 你确信他打开还是没有打开电脑？

三. 语法学习

反意疑问句：由陈述句（或祈使句、感叹句）加一个简短问句构成的疑问句叫反意疑问

句。实质是前面陈述句的反问句。一般对应规律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陈述部分为肯定形式，附加问句用否定形式；陈述部分为否定形式，附加问句用肯定形式。

如：There are many pyramids in Egypt,aren’t there?在埃及有许多金字塔，不是吗？Sally visited the Great Wall last month,didn’t she?萨莉上个月参观了长城，不是吗？He doesn’t realize the importance of sing water,does he?他没有意识到节约用水的重要性，是吗？

特例点拨：①I’m your good friend,aren’t I?我是你的，不是吗？I don’t think you can rebuild the house,can you?我认为你不能重修这座房子，是吗？（I don’t think…主要在说think后的内容，故按从句变化）。

②陈述部分有nobody,nothing,nr,no,few（没几个），little（几乎没有），hardly（几乎不）等否定或半否定词时，仍视为否定句。根据反意疑问句对应规律，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：There is nothing in the room,is there?屋子里什么也没有，是吗？

Maria nr surports me,does she? 玛丽亚从未支持过我，是吗？

He had few apples,did he? 他几乎没有苹果，是吗？

③祈使句的反意疑问句：无论肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上will you?如：

Please close the door,will you?请关门好吗？

Don’t tear down the old walls,will you?不要拆毁古墙，好吗？

但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we?如：

let’s make a survey,shall we?我们做个调查，好吗？