初中英语语法讲解 初中英语语法讲解ppt

初中英语语法:英语语法详解 动词不定式（四）

《英语语法详解 动词不定式（四）》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请。

初中英语语法讲解 初中英语语法讲解ppt

初中英语语法讲解 初中英语语法讲解ppt

初中英语语法讲解 初中英语语法讲解ppt

六、 在复合结构中的不定式

不定式的复合结构是指有些动词带 宾语后再带上不定式，作宾语的补足语。前边已提到过，在这种结构中宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。

1. 有很多这样的动词可以跟宾语及其(或)补足语不定式，如：aise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hate, get , intend, invite, like, permit, persuade, pretend, remind, say, teach, l, trust, urge, want, warn等表示"致使"等意义

26) The company mar may enable the men who tend the machines a large panorama(全景) of sibilites.

［A］ to see［B］ see［C］ seeing［D］ seen

27) Did you intend us the new mod?

［A］ to use ［B］ using ［C］ our hing used ［D］ the using of

28) The teacher encouraged good comitions.

［A］ us write［B］ us writing［C］ us to write［D］ our wrting

2. 在某些成语动词如 arrange for, call on, care for, count on, count upon, depend upon, long for, prepare for, prevail upon, rely on, vote for, wait for等后面，也可以跟宾语加不定式的复合结构

We are waiting for the bus to come./ They voted for Wang Gang to be the monitor. / Don't count on me to do that.

3. 另外，表示感觉的动词 see, hear, feel, watch, not, observe和he, let, make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式(后不定式可带to也可不带to)

29) I often heard him that his family was well descended.

［A］ said［B］ say［C］ to say［D］ to be said

30) We must he a person them build the house.

［A］ see［B］ to see［C］ will see［D］ shall see

31) You would become irritated ［A］ if you watched ［B］ the correspondence to pile up ［C］ on your desk day by day ［D］ .

4. 表示心理状态的动词像consider, declare, find, prove, think, know , beli, discover, feel(=think), imagine, judge, pretend, supe, understand等词的宾语补足语不定式一般是to be(或动词的完成时态)

［A］ becoming［B］ about become［C］ to become［D］ over becoming

而且，在consider, declare, find, prove, think等动词后的to be 是可以省去的。如： She considered me a scholar. / They found him gulty.

七、不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式：这三类在考研题中出现的频率很高，要特别注意不定式的这三种形式

1. 如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语所表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生或发生在主要谓语之后，那么用不定式的一般形式

He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him.

In 1967, he arrived back in England, where 以下分为十一个部分进行讲解。a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him.

After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.

Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herself in as if weeping were a disgrace.

2. 如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式

She feels relaxed to he finished writing her thesis before the deadline.

33) The Vikings are belid America.

［A］ to he discovered［B］ in discovering［C］ to discover［D］ to he been discovered

34) The students were to at the auditorium before 1:30 pm, but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.

［A］ assembled ［B］ he assembled ［C］ assembling ［D］ be assembled

35) He was to the new ambassador, but he fell ill.

［A］ hing ephoned［B］ he ephoned［C］ has ephoned［D］ ephoning

3. 不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式所③ Mr. Smith will visit our school next week, won’t he? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.表示的动作正在发生

When he came in, I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.

Why do you stand here? You are suped to be working in the workshop.

4. 不定式完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作，在主要谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行

The students from the Department of Sociology are said to he been investigating the sibility of producing the new product.

They are quite happy to he been cooperating harmoniously with us till now. 《英语语法详解 动词不定式（四）》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86

初中英语语法:英语语法详解 代词（四）

5℅：five percent (per cent)， 0.8℅ zero point eight percent (per cent).

《英语语法详解 代词（四）》由留学liuxue86我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请。

内 容 提 要

代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的功用。

指 示 代 词

一、指示代词this，that，these和those用来代替上文已提到或指示眼前的人或物，在句中可充当主语、宾语和定语。做定语的指示代词要与所修饰的词在数上一致

1) Today's libraries differ greatly from .

［A］ the past ［B］ those of the past ［C］ that are past ［D］ those past

2) The amount of money spent on coetics, according to some authorities, has exceeded spent on public health.

［A］ one

［B］ those

［C］ it

［D］ that

3) The culture and customs of America are more like of England than of any other country.

［A］ that

［B］ what

［C］ which

［D］ those

例题解析3. 跟汉语一样，并列的两个单数名词表示一个概念，第二个名词前的不定冠词a可以省去，以避免重复

1) B为正确。此题中的differ from意为"不同于"，相比较的对象为"现代的图书馆"与"以往的图书馆"，故应选B ，用those代替前面提到的libraries(复数)。

2) D为正确。"has exceeded""超过，超越"，空档后"spent on public health"作定语，而空档处是代词代替"The amount of monay"，这是不可数名词，所以"［A］ one"和"［B］ those"均不符合条件。"［C］ it"也不对，it代词代"the amount of money spent on coetics,"那么空档后的"spent on public health"显然与"spent on coetics"相矛盾。所以C也不对。

3) D为正确。"what"和"which"为连接和关系代词，"that"指代单数，而空档处是代前边的"The clture and customs of America"，所以应当用复数代词those。

二、为了避免重复，that或those来代替前边的名词或代词，that表示事物，those表示人。一般来讲that表示单数或不可数，而those表示复数。但those可以和who连用，由who一个定语从句，这时those就不是代替前边的某词

4) Numerous efforts he been made ［A］ to improve ［B］ the laws governing ［C］ air pollution， but none he been as successful as them ［D］ devised by the state of Oregon.

5) An internationally famous ballerina ［A］ ， Maria Tallchief demonstrated ［B］ that the quality of ballet in the United States could equal those ［C］ of the ballet in Europe ［D］ .

例题解析

4) D错。 改为those。这里"those"与"none"同指，都代"the laws"。

5) C错。 改为that，代"the quality。"

6) C错。改为those。C处作"asked"的宾语，又作"he trusted to assist him"的先行词。

7) D 错。 改为those。

三、such修饰可数名词须与a连用，也可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词

8) Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if proal were accepted.

［A］ so many

［B］ a so many

［C］ a such

［D］ such a

9) Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at raling dishonesty?

［A］ so

［B］ those

［C］ such

［D］ such a

例题解析

8) D为正确。

9) C为正确。 《英语语法详解 代词（四）》由留学liuxue86我整理

初中英语语法:英语语法详解 --ING分词（二）

二、作表语的-ING分词

Seeing is believing.

His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to pract.

三、-ING分词作动词宾语

1. 一类是动词或短语后边跟宾语的非限定性动词只能是-ING分词，如：acknowledge, admit(坦白，承认), aise, aocate, anticipate, appreciate, oid, can't , consider, contemplate(深思), delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(躲过，避开), excuse, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep on, justify, mean(意味着，等于), mind(在乎), miss, tpone, practise, prohibit, put off, quit, recall, regret, resist, resume, risk(冒险干…), suggest, threaten。

5) By taking the back way he escaped .

［A］ to be seen ［B］ he been seen ［C］ seeing ［D］ being seen

6) I came late and missed Jack winning.

［A］ to see［B］ seeing［C］ see［D］ seen

7) "I see our boss coming down the hall."

"Then we'd better quit and get down to business."

［A］ talking［B］ to talk［C］ from talking［D］ hing talk

8) The young doctor first ［A］ practised to use ［B］ the needles on ［C］ his own ［D］ wrist.

9) Some experts he aocated to bring ［A］ that country into ［B］ the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue ［C］ that began ［D］ after the 1967 Middle East War.

2. 另一类动词后边作宾语的非限定性动词可以是-ING分词的动名词，也可以是动词不定式，如：attempt, begin, can't bear, cease, continue, deserve, endure, forget, go on, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, proe, regret, remember, start , stop, try等。(动词后接-ING和不定式时在用法上的区别在下一章讲)

10) "What's wrong with Henry?""He needs ."

［A］ cheer up［B］ to be cheer up［C］ I am proud of hing such a son.cheering up［D］ to cheered up

11) Any such news would start her .

［A］ to worry［B］ worrying［C］ worry［D］ worried

3. -ING分词作宾语还有下一结构，即用it代表-ING分词，而把-ING分词短语放到句子的后边去

I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture.／Marry fount it marvellous hing a journey with him.

四、 -ING结构作介词的宾语

几乎所有介词，不管是单个介词还是介词词组，不管它们是谓语动词的组成部分与否，都能用-ING分词的动名词作其宾语。所以，-ING结构作介词宾语的时候很多。-ING结构一般作介词短语的宾语，主要有以下搭配关系

1. 动词＋介词＋ -ING

12) Scientists measure the hardness ［A］ of a material ［B］ by comparatively ［C］ with a table of ten well-known ［D］ metals.

13) Her mother did not ［A］ approve of her to go ［B］ to the party without dressing ［C］ formally ［D］ .

14) Although many women's colleges ［A］ he been coeducational ［B］ , other universities remain committed to keep ［C］ their facilities separate ［D］ .

15) We insist on you lee ［A］ the place before ［B］ any further ［C］ distces take place ［D］ .

2. 名词(形容词，不及物动词)＋介词to(不要把它视为动词不定式的标志)。下面是大纲中所列短语中的"to"为介词：(be) contrary to (与…相反),object(objection)to (反对), with a view to (为…起见)，(be) oped to (反对)， in contrast to (与…成对比),be used to (习惯于), be exed to, be dedicated to (致力于),resort to (诉诸于), as to (关于), be accustomed to (习惯于), be devoted to (献身于), be committed to (委身于), react to (对…反应), with regard to (关于), look forward to (期待), contribute to (贡献)，owe to由于，归功于等

16) I he no objection the ning with them.

［A］ to spend ［B］ to spending ［C］ to he spent ［D］ to he to spend

17) Why do you object to the direction?

［A］ following ［B］ follow ［C］ he follow ［D］ he been followed

18) Mr. Brown often wore ［A］ a hey coat ［B］ because he was not used to live ［C］ in such a ［D］ cold climate.

19) Livy was the ［A］ only great historian of the time ［B］ , and he devoted his attention to give ［C］ the world splendid ［D］ pictures.

3. 动词＋副词＋介词＋ -ING

I look forward to her coming soon.

4. 形容词(或具有形容词性质的-ED分词)＋介词＋ -ING

He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President.

It's imsible for him finishing the task in such a short time.

He is interested in pl32) "You've been taking a lot of n photographs.""Thanks. I'm considering a professional photographer."aying table tennis.

5. 表示征询意见的 "How about…?", "What…about?"

How about going there?

What about hing a concert?

20) How about to the movies tonight?

［A］ going［B］ if go［C］ to go［D］ if we go

6. 前面省略了介词in的-ING惯用法

The two children are busy doing their homework.

Mr. Smith has difficulty fulfilling the task.

There is no use going over the lessons before the night of exam.

He has spent a lot of time preparing the exam for the tgraduate.

Xiao Li lost no time catching up with his ctes.

There is no point arguing with him. 《英语语法详解 --ING分词（二）》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86

初中英语语法:初中英语语法梳理和提高16介词讲解 试题

《初中英语语法梳理和提高16介词讲解 试题》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请。

介 词

介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

常用介词的主要用法

意义

介词

地点、方位

时间

动作方向

其他

about

above

across

after

against

along

among

around

at

before

behind

below

beside

between

by

d对，向，朝uring

for

from

in

inside

into

like

near

of

on

like

outside

over

past

since

till

to

towards

under

until

with

without

在。。。之上

在。。。之后

在。。。之中

在。。。周围、附近

在在。。。前面

在。。。后面

在。。。以下

在。。《英语语法详解 --ING分词（二）》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请。。旁边

在。。。之间

在。。。旁边

在。。。里面

在。。。里面

靠近

在。。。上面

在。。。之外

越过

在。。。下面

在。。。之后

在。。。点钟

在。。以前

在。。。之间

到。。。为止

在。。。期间

长达

从。。。起

在。。。（内、后）

接近

在。。。日

过了。。。

自从。。。

直到。。。之时

到直到。。。为止

横过

沿着

从。。。来

进入

到。。。

关于、大约

反对，对着

为了

像。。。一样

. 。。。的

像超过，在。。。以上（表示数目、程度）

用；有

1. ---What time did you get there this morning?

--- _________ eight.

A. In B. On C. At D. From

2. He has got a chair to sit _______, but nobody to talk ________.

A. on, to B. / , with C. on, / D. / , to

Where's Lily? We are all here ________ her.

A. beside B. about C. except D. with

Shanghai lies ________ the east of China.

A. to B. in C. on D. at

精析： 1. ：C.此题考查学生是否掌握了atin on 表示时间的用法。表示几点用at.

2. : A.此题考查位置介词on 和词组talk to .

3. ： C. 此题考查四个介词的意思。能根据上、下文正确使用。

4. ： B. 此题考查学生是否掌握了表达位置的用法。在表达东、西、南、北的方位时。在范围之内用in , 在范围之外用to，相邻用on。

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

用适当的介词填空：

Last Saturday I was busy ______ my homework .

My teacher was very angry ______ me because I was late ______ school again.

Kathy prefers a hula hoop ______ a book.

I will invite some friends ______ my eighth birthday party.

How long has he worked ______ an inventor.

My uncle arrived ______ the airport ______ the morning of May 3.

There is nothing ______ air ______ space.

I won't be back ______ June.

______ the age ______ twenty, he had written two books.

Mary fell ______ her bike and hurt her right leg.

He has been away ______ China ______ three years ago.

When I was ______ school, I was ______ the school football team.

I think he will be ______ two o'clock.

The teacher was given some flowers ______ his students.

Look, the birds are singing ______ the tree.

He left the classroom ______ all the windows open.

My sister is ill today. She doesn't feel ______ eating anything.

It's too erous. You must keep the children away ______ the fire.

My parents arrived ______ a cold night.

The students are sitting ______ the table, reading the news.

We are doing better ______ English ______ our teacher's .

Don't worry ______ me. Everything is going well ______ me.

He was late ______ school today, and she came late ______

school, too.

------ Do you know what happened ______ Peter yesterday?

------ He was hit ______ a car.

I like clothes made ______ cotton.

He will go to Hangzhou ______ his car tomorrow.

______ my surprise, the Englishman ge up halfway ______

the end.

I saw the great changes ______ my own eyes.

You look tired. Instead ______ working indoors you should be

out ______ a walk.

Wushu is becoming more and more popular ______ foreigners.

If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please l me ______

phone.

There is going to be a report ______ Chinese history ______ our

school this ning.

Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.

She is dressed ______ a white skirt ______ red flowers.

It's bad ______ you to go to work ______ breakfast.

It's very n ______ you to get me two tickets ______ the World

Cup.

------ Where he you been these days?

------ I he been to Bei Daihe ______ a friend ______ Canada.

------ Would you like some coffee?

------ Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee ______ milk.

------ When did Mr Smith come here?

------ ______ nine o'clock yesterday morning.

You must stand ______ line when you are waiting ______ a bus.

------ Jack, will you be home ______ time to see the children before they go to bed?

------ No problem.

China lies ______ the east of Asia and ______ the North of Australia.

46. If you can't pass the exam, you'll fall ______ others.

47. I he a swim ry day ______ yesterday.

48. We all know that the earth moves ______ the sun.

49. The sunlight is coming in ______ the window.

50. This room is full______students and that one is filled______ teachers.

Key: 1. with 2. with, for 3. to 4. to 5. as

6. at, in 7. in, 8. but, in 9. until 10.At, of 11. off 12. from, since 13. in, on/in 14. in 15. by 16. in 17. with 18. like 19. from 20. on 21. to, for 22. at 23. for, of 24. in, with

25. about, with 26. for, to 27. to, by 28. from 29. in 30. To, in

31. with 32. of, for 33. among 34. by 35. on, in 36. between

37. in, with 38. without 39. of, for 40. with, from 41.to 42. At 43. in, for 44. in 45. in, to 46. behind 47. except 48. around

49. through 50. of, with 《初中英语语法梳理和提高16介词讲解 试题》由出国留学我精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86

初中英语语法讲解冠词的概念

1._______ of people in the world are sending rmation by E-mail r day.

初中英语语法讲解冠词的概念

冠词是一种虚词，本身不能单独使用，通常放在一个名词前面，帮助说明该名词的词义。冠词有两钟 定冠词（the）特指； 不定冠词（a/an）泛指

有的情况不加任何冠词 被称之为零冠词

定冠词的用法

1、表示世界上的事物 如：the sun the moon the earth

2、双方都知道的'人或事物 （特指的上文已经提到的人或事物）如：Open the do那时以前 那时 现在or.

3、表示地点方位 如：in the east/west on the right/left

4、用在序数词、形容词前面如： the first; the biggest/the most beautiful girl

5、用在乐器名称的名词之前 如：play the piano play the guitar

6用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩 如： The Greens 格林一家人

7、与某些形容词连用表示一类人。 如：the good：好人； the poor 穷人

8用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前, 山脉、江河、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前

如： the Tai mountain泰山; the Chang jiang River 长江; the West Lake 西湖

9、表示派 如：the Communist Party ； the Labor Party工

10 表示建筑物 如： the Great Wall长城; the Summer Palace颐和园

我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 招飞条件之文化条件英语教研组学期末总结英语教师年终个人总结雅思写作范文：那点事(1)英国哪个城市的英语最标准用英语介绍植树节应聘文体教师范文初中英语演讲稿有关五一节相关英语词汇内容英语专业去留学研究生的专业去向 中考英语动态:初中英语语法讲解 冠词的概念

11 序数词前 the first； the second

定冠词口诀记忆： 1独2双3级4方5姓6乐7形8山0建11序

1 题干 定冠词 the 练习

2 题1._____ usually go to church ry Sunday.

a. The Brown b. A Brown c. Browns d. The Browns

2.The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.

a. those poor b. a poor c. poor d. the poor

3.Mr White lives on ___floor.

a. the fif b. fif c. the fifth d. Fifth

09中考英语作文备考技巧 行文连贯是高分法宝 初中英语知识点视频讲解专辑 从句阅读作文等 初中英语常考十大重点语法讲解贴 中考英语不定冠词的用法 中考英语定冠词练习和 中考英语重点词：he在中学英语里的用法 中考英语听力技巧动词时态技巧复习方法 08中考英语任务型阅读试题精选 集锦 《初中英语语法讲解 冠词的概念》由出国编辑整理我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 招飞条件之文化条件英语教研组学期末总结英语教师年终个人总结雅思写作范文：那点事(1)英国哪个城市的英语最标准用英语介绍植树节应聘文体教师范文初中英语演讲稿有关五一节相关英语词汇内容英语专业去留学研究生的专业去向

;

初中英语语法:初中英语语法—一般过去时详解和习题

3）表示"几十岁"用序数词，eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties

《初中英语语法—一般过去时详解和习题》由liuxue86我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请。

一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?

另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?

其结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。be动词的过去式为was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked; 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped; 4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.

其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?

其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+时间"构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.

常见错误如下:

一把动词变成过去式易出错

例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now.

2 They plaied (play) football yesterday.

: 1 stopped 2 played

解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed."

二忘记把动词变成过去式

例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday.

: flew

解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记".

自主检测:

（一 ）选择

1 She lived there before he____to China.

A. came 6) You all these parcels yourself.The shop would he delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant.B. comes C. come D. coming

2 I _____but_____nothing.

C . he listened; heard D. listened; heard of

3 When did you ____here?

A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday ning.

A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish

5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?

- _______.

A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

6 -I he had supper.

- When ____you____it?

A. he; had B. do, he C. did,he D. will he

（二） 填空

1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.

2 There____(be)a shop not long ago.

4 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago.

5 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

7 When I was young, I _____(play)s with my friends.

8 When ____you_____(write)this book?

I _____it last year.

9 Did he____(he) lunch at home?

10 I _____(eat) the bread, I 'm full now.

:1 were 2 was 3 didn't go 4 read 5 saw go

6 does ; didn't do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 he 10 he eaten

三 在句式变换时易出错

例: 1 We didn't went (not go) out last Friday.

2 Did you had (he) a good time yesterday?

: 1 didn't go 2 Did he

四易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混

例: He taughts (teach) me English last year.

: taught

解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.

五易与现在完成时弄混

例: 我看过这部电影

I saw(see) the film.

: I he seen (see) the film.

解析:"我看过这部电影"说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;

一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关..

六易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。

一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?

另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?

其结构是"主语+动词的过去式"。be动词的过去式为was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked; 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped; 4)以"辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.

其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?

其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+时间"构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.

常见错误如下:

一把动词变成过去式易出错

例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now.

2 They plaied (play) football yesterday.

: 1 stopped 2 played

解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed."

二忘记把动词变成过去式

例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday.

: flew

解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:"一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记".

自主检测:

（一 ）选择

1 She lived there before he____to China.

A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

2 I _____but_____nothing.

C . he listened; heard D. listened; heard of

3 When did you ____here?

A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday ning.

A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish

5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?

- _______.

A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

6 -I he had supper.

- When ____you____it?

A. he; had B. do, he C. did,he D. will he

（二） 填空

1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.

2 There____(be)a shop not long ago.

4 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago.

5 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

7 When I was young, I _____(play)s with my friends.

8 When ____you_____(write)this book?

I _____it last year.

9 Did he____(he) lunch at home?

10 I _____(eat) the bread, I 'm full now.

:1 were 2 was 3 didn't go 4 read 5 saw go

6 does ; didn't do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 he 10 he eaten

三 在句式变换时易出错

例: 1 We didn't went (not go) out last Friday.

2 Did you had (he) a good time yesterday?

: 1 didn't go 2 Did he

四易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混

例: He taughts (teach) me English last year.

: taught

解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.

五易与现在完成时弄混

例: 我看过这部电影

I saw(see) the film.

: I he seen (see) the film.

解析:"我看过这部电影"说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;

一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关..

六易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。 《初中英语语法—一般过去时详解和习题》由liuxue86我整理

初中英语语法:英语语法详解 --ING分词（五）

A. for the forth time B. four times C. a fourth time D. for four times

《英语语法详解 --ING分词（五）》由留学liuxue86我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请。

十、习惯用法

1. There is no +-ING分词，表示"不可能"

There is no getting along with him.(无法和他相处。)

2. It(There) is no use (good) +-ING分词，表示"无用"= It is of no use (good) to +V：

There(It) is no use aising him to give up oking.(劝他戒烟是徒劳的。)

3. be busy(worth)+-ING分词 (忙于)

He is busy mapping out his plans for the next semester.

4. feel like+-ING分词 (想)

I don't feel like eating just now.(我现在不想吃。)

5. What do you say to+-ING分词?(…怎么样?)

What do you say to joining us for dinner?(和我们一起进餐，你看怎么样?)

6. spend+时间+(in)+-ING分词

Jane spent sral days (in) preparing for the final exams.(简花了好几天时间准备期末考试。)7.

difficulty

trouble

he + a problem +(in)+ -ING分词

a good(hard) time

fun (快乐)

54) The student had ［A］ difficulty to write ［B］ a short paragraph ［C］ correctly ［D］ .

55) I imagine that ［A］ I could go to the theater again and he just as good a time ［B］ not try to ［C］ think of an opening sentence ［D］ .

十一、例题解析

1) B为正确。2) D为正确。3) C为正确。

4) B错。 改为to determine，关于动词不定式与-ING分词的区别请参见第七章"小结"。

5) D为正确。6) B为正确。7) A为正确。8) B错。改为using。9) A错。改为bringing。

10) C为正确。

11) B为正确。"start＋不定式"与"start＋-ING"有所不同，前者表示具体动作，后者表示一般性动作或状态。

12) C错。改为comparing。13) B错。改为her going。

14) C错。改为to keeping。be committed to＋名词或-ING分词，意为"同意承担，答应(干某事或支持某事)。"

15) A错。 改为your leing。16) B为正确。17) A为正确。18) C错。改为to living。

19) C错。 改为giving。20) A为正确。21) C为正确。22) A为正确。

23) C错。改成"growing"。本句中先后出现了两个动词，"grow"和"is"，这显然不合语法。将"grow"变为"growing"后便构成了-ING短语，修饰"trees"。［参见第六章］

24) B为正确。stealing表示正在进行。25) D错。改为asking。26) D为正确。27) B为正确。

28) A错。改成"Being a dancer"。29) A为正确。30) B为正确。31) A为正确。

32) B为正确。本句空白处缺能起定语作用的词，用来修饰前面的名词paintings。

33) B为正确。本句空白后面的成分为-ING短语，相当于"which means…"。C 表面上正确，但英语中没有连接词连接的两个分句是不能例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！成立的，但我们可以说"which means"，用"which"指代"Nebrathka"。但这样就变成非限定性定语从句了。

34) A为正确。本句相当于一个非限定性定语从句(which amounts to…)，amount(总计) -不及物动词，故没有-ED分词。 35) C为正确。36) B错。 改为to find。37) D为正确。38) A为正确。39) C为正确。

40) A错。Upon being questioned。41) D为正确。42) B为正确。43) D为正确。44) D为正确。

45) A错。改为Marta's。46) D为正确。47) A为正确。48) A为正确。49) D为正确。

50) D为正确。51) C为正确。52) B为正确。53) B错。改为acting。54) B错。改为writing。

55) C错。改为trying to。 《英语语法详解 --ING分词（五）》由留学liuxue86我整理

初中英语语法:初中英语语法动词八种时态详解 过去完成时

6 He ____(do)his homework ry day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

《初中英语语法动词八种时态详解 过去完成时》由liuxue86我整理。本内容整理时间为11月03日，如有任何问题请。

The city is famous ______ its football, and people there are very proud ______ their city football team.

摘要： 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即 过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ） 。 ----|-------------------------- |----------------------------

初中英语期中考试复习

初中英语期中考试专题为您提供初中英语期中考试题及期中英语考试总结，包括初三英语期……[详细]

中考英语交际运用 36个考试热点总结 提升中考阅读的十四法 | 新初三秋季学习规划 轻松记忆单词的四种方法 | 趣味学初中语法 中考重点句型错误分析 | 逐题型多技巧答好试卷

>> 初中英语时态详解及专项练习专题

一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点

概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即"过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）"。

----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->

构成：过去完成时由"助动词 had + 过去分词"构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the ho.

She had finished writing the comition by 10 ：00 this morning.

二、过去完成时的判断依据

1. 由时间状语来判定

一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：

（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。

如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。

如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。

如： They had planted six dred trees before last Wednesday.

2. 由"过去的过去"来判定。

过去完成时表示"过去的过去"，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：

（ 1 ）宾语从句中

当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：

She said that she had seen the film before.

（ 2 ）状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意： before, after 的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：

Where did you study before you came here?

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

（ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, supe等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

三、过去完成时的主要用法

1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在"过去的过去"。如：

我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在"过去的过去"）

2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是"过去的过去"，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：

He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 )

3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， nr 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等的短语或从句连用。

如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.

Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.

4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。

如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）

四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为"助动词 he (has) + 过去分词"；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调"过去的过去"，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：

I he learned 1000 English words so far.

到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.

到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。

- Oh, not at all. I he been here only a few minutes.

没什么，我只等了几分钟。（"等"的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）

- John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。

- Where had he been?

他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即"过去的过去"）

五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：

1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去"；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：

They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the comition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an ning .

I (had) called her before I left the off.

课程名称 课时 课程价格 视频解读 在线选课 秋季班初一年级英语目标人大附四中班 15 2495 秋季班初一年级英语尖子班 15 2495 秋季班初二年级英语目标人大附四中班 15 2495 秋季班初二年级英语尖子班 15 2495 秋季班初三年级英语目标人大附四中班 15 2495

咨询电话: 010-52926678 （每天早10点至晚7点） 《初中英语语法动词八种时态详解 过去完成时》由liuxue86我整理

初中英语语法:英语语法详解 动词不定式（三）

: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C

《英语语法详解 动词不定式（三）》由英语我整理,更多请访问:

10.Li is not at ____off;I think he's gone____home.

三、 不定式作表语

1. 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)

To see is to beli/ To work means to earn a living.

2. 另一种情况主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, pure, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss's plan is to start building the skycraper immediay. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forr.

11) The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ［A］ large uninterrupted floor areas ［B］ and to allow ample light ［C］ into the interior ［D］ .

12) The most important ［A］ thing is negociate ［B］ with them about ［C］ the future of ［D］ the plant.

四、 不定式作定语

1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。这时被修饰的名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系

13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.

［A］ to bring［B］ bringing［C］ is brought［D］ brings

14) Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz?blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.

［A］ be giving［B］ are given［C］ being given［D］ to give 另外，有些词的不定式定语有主谓关系，如除了上述例句以外，还有些词常跟不定式作定语。这些词主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。

2. 动词不定式作定语往往有一层动宾关系，即所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语

15) Al was hing ［A］ trouble to control ［B］ the children because there were ［C］ so many ［D］ of them.

16) There are so many reference books for matriculation of tgraduate and I hen't decided which book .

［A］ to buy［B］ buy［C］to be buying［D］ buying

17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they he to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .

［A］ to do … to talk［B］ doing … to talk to

［C］ to do … to talk to［D］ doing… to talk

3. 因为不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，所以如果不定式动词是不及物动词，那么就要在动词后加上相应的介词

He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.

18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair .

［A］ to sit［B］ for to sit on［C］ to sit on［D］ for sitting

4. 一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语，如：ability, attempt, effort等

19) During ［A］ the 19th century scientists found ［B］ that when certain parts of the brain were damaged ［C］ men lost the ability doing ［D］ certain things.

20) What is new, howr, is the scientific attempt wher other planets beyond our own he given birth to aanced civilizations.

［A］ discover［B］ discovers［C］ discovering［D］ to discover

21) Surely her daughter would make an n bigger effort her?

［A］ please ［B］ pleased ［C］ to please ［D］ hing pleased

五、不定式作状语

注意作状语的动词不定式要与其逻辑主语在意义上和数上的一致。

1. 表示目的

22) its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.

［A］Although［B］To carry out［C］Except that［D］ Make

23) pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then elted，and finally refined.

［A］ Obtaining［B］ Being obtained［C］ To obtain［D］ It is obtained

24) When they met，Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .

［A］killed each other［B］killing each other［C］to be killed each other

［D］to kill each other

2. 表示结果，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语

He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What he I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?

还有固定搭配的不定式表示结果：so…as to; such(…) as to …; enough to…; too…to…; in order to … 等

We he got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.

3. 表示原因

It's very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I'm sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.

4. 伴随状况

在下列表示能力、愿望、倾向等语义的形容词后边也要接不定式：able(但其同义词" capable"后面要接"of+动名词")，anxious, eager, glad, inclined(倾向于)，liable, likely, pleased, ready等。

25) Certain ［A］ minerals are magnetic and are able to detected ［B］ by instruments that measure ［C］ differences in the Earth's magnetic fields ［D］ 《英语语法详解 动词不定式（三）》由英语我整理,更多请访问:

初中英语语法怎么学好 窍门有哪些

7) Forest animals ［A］ utilize the sense ［B］ of ell less ［C］ than them ［D］ in the countryside.

一、初中英语语法学习：进行母语迁移

英语是我们的第二外语，而汉语是我们的母语。在学英语的时候，我们无意识地就会把英语和

汉语作比较，这就是母语迁移的一种表现。事实上，进行英、汉两种语言的对比分析对我们学

习英语语法很有帮助，可以加深我们的理解和记忆。

二、初中英语语法学习：背诵佳句格言

佳句格言除了句式简洁、寓意深刻以外，每一句都是学习语法的典型例句。用背诵佳句格言的

方式来学习英语语法，不仅能加深对语法点的理解，还能积累大量格言，一举两得。

三、初中英语语法学习：结合具体语境

语法中很多是抽象的概念，囫囵吞枣地去记忆往往让人觉得索然无味。所以千万不要He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。孤零零地

去记忆语法，要把语法规则和一定的上下文或者生活语境结合起来。这样一来，语法就变得真

实可感了。另外，语法就像是从树干上长出的树枝一样，都是相互关联的，可以画一些图示来

帮助记忆。

四、初中英语语法学习：建立错题集

语法的学习除了在课堂上认真听取老师的讲解和分析以外，还要自己进行归纳和总结，的

办法是自己做一个错题集。把做错的题目抄下来，然后写上具体的解析。隔段时间就回过头看

看，温故而知新，长久下来能巩固学过的语法。