英语定语从句_英语定语从句讲解视频
高中英语的从句系列
直译(metaphrase)是基本保留原文的语言形式,保留原文的异国情调,把一种语言的形式和内容变为另外一种语言的形式和内容的过程。定语从句及相关术语
英语定语从句_英语定语从句讲解视频
英语定语从句_英语定语从句讲解视频
the
1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注:关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
(一) 限定性定语从句
一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:this is the book (which)you want。]而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything, rything, nothing , none等不定代词时,或者是由ry, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时On the second floor , there lived a young man , who was an artist 二楼住着一位青年画家.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
4. who和whom的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
你可以去百度文库搜一下哦,关于that的各种从句我看过,非常细,你去看一下吧!
英语的定语从句
关系词可分为:它们都是修饰前面的先行词。就是前面的名词。一般从句把who,whom,whose用前面的名词代替,与后面的定语从句是连成一句话的
英译汉“三部曲”:断句、翻译、重读。who
=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.表示谁。作主语
例the
boy
who
is
playing
football
is
my
brother.这里boy与play的关系是主动的。
whom
表谁,作宾语
例the
boy
whom
Ied
is deaf
.这里boy与的关系是被动的。
whose
表谁的。例
Ilive
in
house
whose
window
face
south.这里house与window的关系是
房子
的窗户。
英语中定语从句的结构是什么?
Where is the book that I read this morning? 我今天早上读的书在哪里?(that 作宾语)关系代词(that,
who,
which,
whose,as)或关系副词(when,
where,
why,
how)2、当先先词前面有翻译公式: who、which 等疑问代词时,只能用 that+定语从句的其他成分
除as外,定语从句都要放在它所修饰的先行词后面
限制性定从直接放在先行词后
非限制性定从与先行词之间要加逗号
简单点理解,其实就是先行词+连词(词)+主语+谓语
英语中定语从句的格式是什么?
3. 当先行词被形容词修饰时很明显的。定语从句的标志是必有先行词(地点词),
which一般的形式是:先行词+where
而状语从句一般不会出现地点词,表示地点就直接用where来代替。例如:You
he
put
book
where
you
motherfound
it.
(你本来应该把书放回原来的地方)定语它会这样说,You
he
put
book
on
desk
where
you
found
it.你本来应该把书放在桌面上,那原来的地方)
英语什么叫定语从句?
让我这个经历过九年制义务教育的大学生来告诉你吧!
【含义】
1(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous..-ed做定语:被-ed修饰的先行词做从句的宾语,是被动态的.
2.-ing做定语:被-ing修饰的先行词做从句的主语
【用法】
1.-ed做定语:-ed,一般是及物动词.动词-ed形式作表语一般表示人的感受,含义为“(某人)感觉……”.
The cat drawn by the boy was very lovely.
男孩画的猫非常可爱。(表被动)
The ground was co(2) The time when we got toger finally came.vered fallen lees.
地上覆盖着落叶should。
2.-ing做定语:一般动词的-ing做形容词,这个动词一般是不及物动词.动词-ing形式作表语一般表示主语的性质和特征,含义为“令人……”.
Taking exercise is beneficial to our health.
锻炼对我们的健康有益。
She suggested going shopping this Sunday.
她建议这个星期天去购物。
英语有哪几类从句?详细点
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)根据从句语能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
精——锐1. 名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)1、主语从句
6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时用作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2、表语从句
用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的关联词与主语从句的关联词很多都一样。
3、宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
4、同位语从句
是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系就是同位关系,即主表关系。
5、定语从句
是由关系代词或关系副词的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
6、状语从句
用作状语的从句叫作状语从句,其关联词是一些从属连词。修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词,通常由从属连词,按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、 条件、 原因、让步、目的、结果、 方式、比较状语从句等。
2. 定语从句
3. 状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
1)主语从句用作主语,如:
That the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的是真实的。
2)宾语从句用作宾语。如:
Do you know where he lives?
3)表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
4)同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如:
5)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
6)状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语)
He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。(结果状语,结果状语只是仅限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。)
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大声说话,才能让所有人听到你说话。(目的状语,可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词。)
Since /As the weather is so bad, we he to delay our journey. 天气那么糟,旅行推迟了。 (原因状语从句,常用 because, since, as, for fear (恐怕), seeing that (既然) ,now that (=since), considering that (考虑到) 等。)
Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。(让步状语从句,的连词主要有以下这些:though, although, as; n if, n though; wher...or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-r.)
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。(地点状语从句,通常由where, wherr 。)
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。(方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though。)
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。如:
I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。
He likes playing football very much. 其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。
按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句.
一名词性从句4种.
1主语从句Wher it's right or not remains to be seen.
2宾语从句I wonder wher it's right or not.
3同位语从句This is a question wher it's right or not.
4表语从句The question is wher it's right or not.
二形容词性从句2种
1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.
2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.
三副词性从句8种
1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.
2地点状语从句You can go wherr you like.
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student.
4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.
5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.
6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.
7条件状语从句I will understand it if he ls me.
8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.
包括主语从句,宾语,表语和同位我知道的就暂时这几类,不知道有没有帮到你。
At least, he was happy finally for what he could bring home.
高考英语中,从句如何分类,其有哪些解题策略
英语定语从句的汉译方法
That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系,其别很大,翻译起来有诸多困难,英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛,因此,我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律,从而很好地解决它。
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用,在意义上与先行项密切不可分。
如被省去,主句的意思就含糊不清,甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。
(一)定语词组
①I he but one lamp by which my feed are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。
②It was so with the vast railroad yards with the crowded array of vessels she saw in the river.火车站广大的场地,河里鳞次梯比的船只,她也同样不能理解。
③Before following her in her round of seeking,let us look at the sphare in which her future was to lie.我们暂且把她找寻工作的事搁下来不谈,先看一看她的前途所寄托的这个世界。
翻译这类从句,常常是将关系词省去,在句未加“的”字,放在被修饰项之前。当然,也可视其情况不用“的”字,如①和②。这种译法用得普遍,尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。
(二)并列从句
1)省略英语的先行项
①The lungs are subjecd to sral diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受几种疾病的侵袭,但均可经手术治疗。
②A little way on she saw a great door which,for some reason,attracted her attention.又走了一些路,她看见一个大门,不知怎的,引起了她的注意。
③As a result, a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip.结果就造成一阵闲话,暗中在公寓里流传,闲话一般都是如此的。
④A will had been made which divide the all tax –eaten property equally among the remaining four,so that it was really of no interest to any of them.遗嘱已立好,把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子,但谁都对此不感兴趣。
上述定语从句例句比(一)里的定语从句例句长些,因此,就不宜译成定语词组成形式。否则,译句就会显得太长且不符合汉语的表达习惯。如④就不宜译成“把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子的中遗嘱早已立好,谁都对此不感兴趣。”这类从句不是长、难复杂定语从句,一般就按原文的顺序位置译。上面译句的第二分句,有的承前省略了主语,如③④,有的借用分句的不定语作逻辑主语,如①②
2)重复英语的先行项
①At dimmer I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradly ,and a shy drab girl who seemed n younger than the other.席间,我发现自己坐在布拉得雷太太和一腼腆乏味的女孩子中间;她看上去比其余人都年轻。
②A writer——in fact ry one of us in life——needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows …一个作家——实际上生活中的每个人——都需要慈母的力量,它是创造一切的源泉。
③Man sesses an expressive faculty that goes far beyond gestures, that allows and n compels him to express his thoughts, feedings,dreams, and inituitions.人类具有远远超过于手势的表达官能,这种官能不仅使人能够,而且使他要把思想、感情、幻梦、直觉表达出来。
这些先行项的重复,有时用的是代词如①②,有时用的是限定词如③。汉译时,需重复先行项的地方,就要重复。否则会影响意思的连贯和清楚。
我们一般采用分述法将带定语从句的英语复合句译成并列分词。分述法就将主句和从句分开翻译的方法。此方法除了将定语从句译为并列分句外,还译为状语从句。
(三)状语从句
让我们来看看下例该怎么译:
He insisted on building another house which he had no use for.
上例能译成“他坚持再建一座他不用的房子”或“他坚持再建一座房,这房他不用”吗?显然不能,因为这样的译文令读者莫名其妙。这两种译文是套用定语词组和并列分句形式而译的,然而错了。
正确的译文是:他虽自己不用,但仍坚持再建一座房。
此句之所以这样译,是因为它含有状语从句的意思。英语定语从句——尤其是非限制性定语从句——有时兼有状语从句的职能,可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。
兹再举几例说明限制性定语从句所表示的状语意思:
①I think it will grow n on non-irrlgated land where there is a forest belt.我想即使在没有灌溉的土地上,只要有一条树林带,苜蓿还是会生长的。(表条件)
②In a personed sense ,I think of my eldest daughter , whose birthday is today .就个人来讲,我想到我的大女儿,因为今天是她的生日。(表原因)
(四)句
①He paid that peculiar deferente to women which ry member of the appreciates.他对女性殷勤令每个女人所赏识。
②What were the hopes and dreams that had made of them the incredibly stubborn warriors?是什么希望,什么目标,什么理想使他们成为顽强到令人难以置信的战士呢?
翻译英语There be 句型和带定语从句的复合句时,常用溶合法。溶合法就是把原主句的主语同定语从句溶合在一起而译成句的方法。溶合法要求改变句子的构造形式。具体作法是,将原主句的的词或词组用作句的主语,再将定语从句用作谓语,这样便译成句,如①将He paid that peculiar deference to women 压缩译为“他对女性的殷勤”而定语从句“which ry member of the appreciates”译为谓语“令每个女人所常识”。
(五)复合宾语
①I also found on the ground near the tracks of the lamed groups of ants which were rulling grains of corn.我还看见骆驼的脚印边有许多的蚂蚁在拖玉米粒。
②He did not find any one in the house who particularly cared to see .他认为家里没有人特别想知道的。
当主句的谓语动词是表示“感观”或“心理活动”等意义时,修饰宾语的定语从句多译为复合宾语。
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句同其先行项之间的联系是松散的。它不是先行项的必不可少的组成部分,而仅是对先行项作些描写或补充说明。非限制性定语从句前常有逗号将它与主语分开。非限制性定语从句也主要是采用前面已说过的分译法和溶合法来译。它常驻被译为并列分句、的和状语从句,偶尔还可译为定语词组等。
(一)译成并列分句
1. 译成并列分句,省略先行项
①Wait a minute,said the boss,and he opened the load and took out a ham,which he started to bone and string up.“等一会儿!”老板说道,说罢便打开火腿包,拿出一只,开始剔骨头,并用绳子缚起来。(省主语)
2. This is the book which/that I am looking for. 这就是我正在找的书译成并列分句,重复英语的先行项
①…from his vest led a real gold watch chain ,from which was suspended the secret insignia of the Order of Elks……背心上荡着一根精致的金表链,链上系着“共进会”的徽章。
②He came within the meaning of a still newer term ,which had sprung into general use among Americans in 1880…他其实适合于一个更新的名词,那个名词1880年在美国人中突然流行起来……
(二)译成句
①It has long been my wish to encounter one of the oldest civilizations in earth .I he come amidst you from Egypt ,On the banks of the Nile ,which also has a most ancient civilization .我一直向往着要同世界最古老的文明会晤。尼罗河畔的埃及也有着最古老的文明,我正是从那里来到你们中间。
②You’ve given Feldstyn ,who dislikes me any how ,the chance he was waiting for .费尔德丁反正讨厌我,你给他的机会正是他求之不得的。
(三)译成状语从句
①These actions, which he aroused universal and unreserved disapproval, must nrtheless give us a pause.这些行动,虽已激起普遍而毫不掩饰的反对,却也使我们举棋不定。(表让步)
②In a dis between two states with which one is friendly,try not to get involved.在两国发生争端时,如与该两国皆友好,则应避免卷入。(表条件)。
③Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity , offers very little resistance.铜的电阻很小,因此被广泛用于输电。(表结果)
(四)译成定语词组
As I came in, Gus Meyer, who owned the taxicad that used to stand at the corner of our street ,wed to me from a table.我进去时,那个开出租汽车的古司.买耶坐在一张桌子那里向我招手,他的车子经常就停在我们街角上。
非限制性定语从句主要是译成并列分句、In句和状语从句这几种形式,这与它的作用——仅是对先行项提供一些补充说明——有关。难怪《新编英语语法》(修定本)指出:在意义上,非限制性定语从句相当于一个并列分句,可以完全脱离主句而出现。
综上举例可以看出,定语从句可用“分述法”和“溶合法”进行翻译,形式有定语词组,并列分句、状语从句、复合宾语等。这些形式是英译汉的主要“框架结构”,并非全部“标准”。在具体和翻译实践中,我们应该视其不同情况,选用不同的形式或作灵活变通处理。
定语从句英语作文,80字
theMy
Family
Ihe
afamily
is
not
big,
but
warm.
my
family
there
are
three
people
who
are
my
father,
my
and
I.
My
father
is
ayoung
man
who
works
vThe house, which we bought last month, is very n.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)ery
hard
in
ahospital.
He
likes
playing
football,
is
his
hobby.
He
also
likes
to
read
wIf he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。(if 的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。ere
written
by
famous
writers.
My
is
ayoung
woman
who
works
in
same
middle
school
as
Istudy
in.
She
teaches
maths
in
ourr
school
is
best
school
in
our
city.
She
likes
watchingTV
plays
are
acted
by
famous
stars,
such
as
Chen
Daoming,
Liu
Xiaoqing
and
so
on.
Iam
aboy
who
studies
amiddle
school.
Iam
very
clr.
Ilike
playing
basketball
is
my
hobby.
And
Ilike
watching
NBA
Games
are
played
by
famous
players.
This
is
my
family
is
awarm
and
happy
family.
有不明白的请继续追问,可以详谈嘛(^__^)
英语中定语从句和表语从句的用法?
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
②Carrie reached home in high good spirits,which she could scarely conceal.嘉莉兴高采烈地回到家,想掩饰也掩饰不住。(省主语)主语从句用作主语,如::
novels宾语从句用作宾语。如:
Do you know where he lives?
表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如:
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语)
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。如:
I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。
He likes playing football very mucy. 其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。
英语中的定语从句
You should hand in all t(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.hat you he.英语中的定语从句1 1. 中英文定语的位置有什么别?
China is a country which has a long history. 是拥有悠久历史的(1) 在中文里定语一般是前置,古代汉语中存在定语后置的情况;
(2) 英文中一个词修饰另一个词的时候存在前置和后置两种情况,词组和句子修饰一个单词的时候都是后置。
2. 英译汉的主要步骤是什么?
3. 英文中的介词翻译成中文时是什么词性?
英文中的介词可以翻译成为中文里的方位副词和动词。
4. 中英文句式有什么异?
中英文的语言顺序:
中文:先出主语+废话(包括定语、状语、补语和插入语等)+最重要成分
英文:先出主语+最重要成分+废话(包括定语、状语、补语和插入语等)
5. 定语从句有几种译法?分别是什么?
定语从句的翻译主要有以下三种方法:
(1) 前置译法:就是将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之前,在定语从句后面加上一个“的”就可以了。
(2) 后置译法:就是将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之后,但是这点要注意的是需要翻译关系词。
(3) 句首译法:就是将定语从句完全置于整个句子的前面,调整全句语序。但是,这种翻译方法不是十分常见,因为在刚开始学习笔译的时候,我们不主张改变句子结构,不然很容易引起句子的歧义。
6. 循环套用定语从句是什么?怎么进行翻译?
每一个定语从句都是在修饰前一个定语从句中的一个名词,这样就形成了一种循环的状态,我们把这样的定语从句称之为“循环套用”定语从句。结构如下:
中心词+定语1+定语2+定语3+……定语N
定语1+定语2≈定语3 就把前两者放在一起翻译
定语1≈定语2+定语3 就把后两者放在一起翻译
如果三个定语一样长,根据经验判断还是把前两个放在一起翻译。
7. 需要断句的长句和不需要断句的长句分别怎样进行翻译?
(1) 种,长句不带有很多标点,句子结构比较复杂,要先断句,再翻译,就是重读;
(2) 第二种,长句带有很多逗号,首先还是先断句,看看有没有什么不明白的地方。其次就是在这些句子当中寻找哪个句子更加重要,哪个句子更加不重要。用专业的说法来说就是寻找句子之间深层次的逻辑关系。在寻找逻辑关系的同时,把句子的结构弄得十分明确和透彻。做完这步之后,就着手翻译,然后重读,完成翻译。
8. 直译和意译分别是什么?它们的特点是怎样的?
意译(paraphrase)是不必拘泥于原文的形式,将一种语言所表达的意义,用另一种语言进行释义性的解释。
英语中的定语从句2
一、关系词
关系代词:which、that、who、whom、whose 等
关系副词:when、where、why 等
关系词常有 3 个作用:定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分,如主语、宾语、定语和状语等
The girl who is singing in the classroom is my sister. 在班里唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹
This is the room where he once lived. 这是他曾经住过的房间
关系代词
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
1、who、whom、that
这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词,who 作主语指人,whom 作宾语指人,that 既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下:
The boys who are playing football are from Class one. 正在场上踢足球的男孩子是一班的 (who作主语)
She is the girl whom/that I saw yesterday. 她就是我昨天见的那个女孩 (whom/that 作宾语)
The number of the people that/who came to China each year rises one million. 来的人数每年增加一百万(that/who 作主语)
2、whose 用来指人或物;若指物,可以与 of which 互换;若指人,与 of whom 互换
I he a cte whose father is a doctor. 我有个同学的爸爸是医生
Please give me the pencil whose (of which) color is green. 请把那根绿色的铅笔给我
3、which、that
它们所代替的先行词是指物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略
Comr is soming that is liked by most boys. 大多数男孩都喜欢电脑游戏 (that 作主语)
常见的关系副词有:
why = for which
where = in/at/on/...which
when = during/on/in/...which
1、when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语
The time when we got toger finally came. 我们在一起的时刻终于到来了
I still remember the day when I first came to school. 我依然记得次来学校的那天
2、where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语
Beijing is the city where I was born. 是我的出生地
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前的房子已经倒塌了
3、why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语
Please l me why you are late. 请告诉我你为什么迟到了
I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道为什么他今天看起来不开心
关系副词的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”的从句替换
Great changes he taken place in the city where/in which I was born. 我出生的城市发生了很大变化
4、介词 + 关系代词的定语从句
This is the school in which I studied two years ago. 我两年前在这个学校学习
Do yoemember the day on which we met each other? 还记得我们相遇的那天吗?
Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 明天我会把你要的杂志带来
We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we he often talked. 明天我们将要去听那个我们经常说起的歌手的演唱会
注意事项
1、若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用 whom,不可用 who 或 that;指物时用 which,不可用 that;关系代词是所有格时用 whose
The man with whom you talked is my friend. 和你说话的那个人是我的朋友
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 我们去加拿大乘坐的飞机很舒适
2、含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,例如:look for、look after、take care of 等
3、“介词 + 关系代词”前可有 some、any、none、both、all、neither、most、each、few 等代词或数词
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他很爱他的父母,他们对他很好
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which he gone bad. 篮子里有很多苹果,其中一些已经坏了
There are forty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班在 40 个学生,大多数来自大城市
二、限定性与非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句,不用逗号和主句隔开,是先行词不可或缺的定语,不能删除。可翻译成先行词的定语,“...的...”,关系词可用 that, 可用 who 代替 whom,作宾语时可省略
My mother told me that she was the only person that I could depend on. 妈妈告诉我她是我可依靠的人
下面是限定性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况
1、当先行词是 anything、rything、noting(soming 除外)、few、all、none、little、some 等代词时,或者是由 ry、any、all、some、no、little、few、much、each 等修饰时,只能用 that,但有时可以省略
He you taken down rything (that) said? 你记下了李先生说的'一切了吗?
There seems to be nothing (that) seems imsible for him in the world. 对他来说,世界上似乎没有什么事是不可能的
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了
There is little (that) I can do for you. 我几乎不能为你做什么
Who is the man that is standing there? 正站在那儿的那个人是谁?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 那件T恤最适合我?
3、当先行词被形容词修饰时,只能用 that
This is the best film that I he seen. 这是我看过的的一部电影
4、当形容词被 the very、the only、the same、the last 修饰时,只能用 that
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 这就是我想买的那本很实用的字典
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thin that he owned. 他家遭遇火灾之后,他仅剩那辆旧车 (当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用 who)
Wang hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 我们学校王华将去参加会议
5、当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用 that
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们在伦敦首先参观的是大本钟
6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用 that
The village is no longer the one that is used to be 10 years ago. 乡村已经不是10年前样子了
7、当先行词既有人、也有物时,只能用 that
The writer and his works that you told me about are aded by us all. 我们所有人都羡慕你告诉我的那位作家和他的作品
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句用逗号和主句隔开,是先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整,通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系词不可省略,不能用 that,不能用 who 代替 whom
China, which was found in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. ,在 1949 年成立,现在变得越来越强大了
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他的妈妈很爱他,对他也很严格
as 和 which 非限制性定语从句,有相同也有不同之处
1、as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子
He married her, as/which was natural. 他娶了她,这很自然
He was honest, as/which we can see. 他很诚实,我们都能看到
2、当先行词被 such、the same 修饰时,常用 as
I he nr heard such a story as he ls. 我从没听过他讲的这个故事
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他实际上不是看起来那么傻
This is the same book as I lost last week. 这本书和我上周丢的那本一样
3、当先行词由 the same 修饰时,偶尔也会用 that 来定语从句,但是和由 as 的定语从句意思不同
I wore the same dress that I wore at Tom's wedding. 我穿着在汤姆婚礼上穿过的那条裙子
I wore the same dress as my young sister wore. 我和我妹妹穿着一样的裙子
4、as 的非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which 的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如...正像...”的意思
As is known to all, China is a dloping country. 众所周知,是发展家
He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 从他的口音,我们知道他是从南方来的
John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知,约翰是一个的作家
He has been to Paris more than sral times, which I don't beli. 我不相他去过巴黎很多次
Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到,这让老师很生气
注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用 which
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