初二下英语语法(初二下英语语法思维导图)

2025-01-03 10:25 信息互动

初二下册英语语法

一. 重点词汇

( 一 ) 词形转换:

1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) 名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety

( 二 ) 词的辨析

1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on

3. other /else 4. raise /rise

5.each /ry 6.exciting / excited

(三)重点词组:

1.go on a visit to 去……旅行

2. make the decision 做决定

3.bring back 带回

4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行

5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定

6 see the sunrise 看日出

7. make a reservation 预订

8. come up with 想出(主意)

9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望

10. pay for 支付;赔偿

11. raise money 筹钱

12. book a ticket 订票

13. make a room for 为……订房间

14. he a wonderful time 玩得愉快

15. in the daytime 在白天

16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行

17.find out 查出

18. some places of interest 名胜

19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间

20.a hard (soft) sleeper 硬(软)卧

21.my pleasure 不客气

二.重点句型及重点语言点

1. I he some exciting news to l you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。

to l you 是动词不定式短语，作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： I he nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.

2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。

3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。

go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.

类似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic

a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月的期

an eigh-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩

4.It’s hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。

如： It’s n to meet you.

5. I’ll ask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：

I’ll phone and ask the airline.

6. Bring back your rmation to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定的郊游方式。

bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.

decide on/upon sth 决定，选定 We’re trying to decide on a school.

7.It’s too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It’ too far to cycle there.

8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…?乘……去泰山要花多长时间?

9.How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱?

How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少?

10.We he tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.

我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。

at 意为“以……”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for 意为“供，适合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.

11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。

20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets

book tickets 预订票 book a room for /sth 为……预订房间

e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。

12.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午5：30之前付款。

Pay for 支付 pay for to do sth 付钱给某人做某事

e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.

13. I want to make a ho reservation. 我想预订房间。

make a reservation 预订

14. We he rooms with a bathtub… 我们有带浴缸……的`房间。

with 有或带着 a house with a swimming pool

a standard room with two single beds

15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves.

16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。

(1)each 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. (2)用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address.

(3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。They each he their own e-mail address.

17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。

Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.

三.重点语法

动词不定式

(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, , hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜(要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始)

(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a comr for me.

(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you l me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.

(4) 本topic出现的句子有：

I he some exciting news to l you.

I want to make a ho reservation.

It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.

The best way to raise money is to sell newss.

I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the ning.

Kangkang ed us to book the train tickets.

三.重点语法

动词不定式

(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a comr for me.

(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you l me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.

(4) 本topic出现的句子有：

I he some exciting news to l you.

I want to make a ho reservation.

It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.

The best way to raise money is to sell newss.

I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the ning.

Kangkang ed us to book the train tickets.

;

八年级英语下册语法知识

生命是短暂的，空余时间很少，因此我们不应把一刻空余时间耗费在阅读价值不大的书籍上。下面给大家带来一些关于八年级英语下册语法知识，希望对大家有所帮助。

八年级英语下册语法1

一般将来时态的应用

do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do

do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done

一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：People will he robots in a few years.

否定句例句：People (will not/won't) he robots in a few years.

一般疑问句例句：Will people he robots in a few years?

特殊疑问句例句：What will people he in a few years?

八年级英语下册语法2

过去将来时

一、过去将来时的结构

should/would+动词原形

do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do

do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done

过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.

否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.

一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?

特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?

八年级英语下册语法3

过去进行时

do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were) doing

do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were) being done

过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.

否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.

一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?

特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?

动词 when 和 while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。

例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.

=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.

八年级英语下册语法4

宾语从句

结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)

1、名词性从句的连接词

(1)that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分

(2)wher/if：表示是否，宾语从句中不做成分。

I don't know if /wher he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。

(3)连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)

连接副词：where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)

2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态

(1)当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。

He ls me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我昨天回来了。

(2)当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

(3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。

八年级英语下册语法5

if 的条件状语从句

结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句

if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句

注意：

在 if 的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。

例句：You'll he a great time if you go to the party.

=If you go to the party, you'll he a great time.

八年级英语下册语法6

现在完成进行时态

do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：he/has been doing

do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：he/has been being done

现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：

①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做

②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响

I he been progress since he talked with me that time.自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。

现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：I he been skating for five hours.

否定句例句：I hen't been skating for five hours.

一般疑问句例句：He you been skating for five hours?

特殊疑问句例句：How long he you been skating?

八年级英语下册语法7

现在完成时

一、现在完成时的结构

主语 + he/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用he.)

否定式:主语 + hen't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.

疑问式: He /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

简略答语: Yes, 主语 + he/has.(肯定)

No, 主语 + hen't/hasn't.(否定)

二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解

1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在，主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。

He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。

We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。

2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。

He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。

3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有tw, r, nr, three times等时间状语。

I he been to Beijing tw.我去过两次。

八年级英语下册语法8

反意疑问句

反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成，或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。

He's a student, isn't he?

She's not his mother, is she?

回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的，则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的，则必须用 no 回答。

---You're not ready, are you?你还没有准备好，对吧?

---No, I'm not.是的，我没有准备好。

---Yes, I am.不，我准备好了。

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初二下学期英语语法

1 、宾语从句：

如果一个句子作为动词或介词的宾语,称为宾语从句.

（1）如果一个特殊疑问句作某个动词或介词的宾语,一定要用其陈述的语序.如： they often ask him where he is from.. 不能说成： they often ask him where is he from.

（2）某些特殊疑问句作宾语可以简写成“特殊疑问句 +to do” 的形式.例如： i am thinking about what to say what i should say.> 我正在考虑我该说点儿什么.

练习：

一, 选择题；

( )1,thanks a lot for---------me about it. a.to l b.l c.ling d.told

( )2.best wishes-------your birthday. a. for b.to c.on d.in

( )3.in england, people usually call james jim-------. a.shortly

b.for short c.easy d.easily

( )4. mother with her three children-----------going shopping.

a.are b.is c.will d.were

( )5. march 8 th is-----------.a.the womens day b.the womans day

c.womens day d.women day

二, 改错题：

（） 1.ry here like english very much.

a b c d

( )2.mr wu is going to want me to give a talk.

a b c d

( )3.in england, you nr cant put their family name first.

a b c d

( )4.i dont know why do people call me jim.

a b c d

( )5.id like to buy soming for mr wu in teachersday.

a b c d

三、单项选择：

（） 1.best wishes---------teachersday. a.to b.for c.of d.with

( )2.thank you for english fun. a.make b.to make c.makes d.

( )3.in england , people nr use the first name their family name.

a.before. b.in front of c.with d.after

( )4.the teacher didnt teach us in the last lesson.

a.new anything b,new soming c.anything new d.soming new

( )5.ryone is here. nobody is-----------

a.not away b,away c.not out d.go

( )6.his friends call jim short. a.he, for b.him, for c.him,in d.her,for

( )7.would you like to give us a-----------?

a.talking b.talk c.to talk d.talks

( to my off after school, tom. lets a talk about your

lessons.

( )9.----hi, tom. how is your father? -----oh,----------------

a.he is not tall b. he doesnt feel well c.he is old d.he is a teacher

( )10.did william lewis is called when we meet him for

the first time.

a.de b.did c.mr lewis d.mr willian

( )11.rober thomas brow is my very good friend, so i usually call

him-------

a.mr brown b.rober browm c.bob d.mr robert

( )12. soming about your family, ok?

a.say b.l c.speak d.talk

( )13.you can call me bob, you should nr call me mr bob.

a.but b.or c.and d./

( )14.in china, the first name is name.thats different english name.

a .family, with b.given, from c.family, from d.given ,with

( )15,im very glad the news.

a.hear b.to hear c.listen dlistening

( ) 16.what about to the great wall ho ?

a.go b.to go c.goes d.goin 语法 :

2. 一般将来时 : be going to 结构的用法 :

(1) 用 be going to+ 动词原形表示 ” 将要发生的事情或主观上打算 , , 决定要做的事 . 其后的时间状语通常为表示短期或近期含义的短语或表示固定时间的从句 . 如 :tomorrow morning,/tomorrow afternoon /tomorrow ning, next month /next week /next year /next saturday, this week /year/afternoon/saturday. 或者 when you grow up---------? 等等

(2) be going to 结构中 ,be 是助动词 , 要按句中主语的人称和数的变化而变化 . 其后要接动词的原形 . 该句的否定式是在 be 后面加 not, 其疑问式将 be 提到句首 . 如 :she is going to her mother clean the house this sunday./we are going to watch tv tomorrow ning. /are they going to he a sports meeting next month.? /there is going to be

an english call tomorrow afternoon..

(3), 在英语中 , 表示位置转移的动词 , 如 :come, go, fly, drive, lee, stay, 等 , 可用现在进行时表示按或安排即将发生的事 , 不必用 be going to 结构 . 如 :she is flying to nanjing herself. 明天她一个人飞往南京 . are you driving home ? 你开车回家吗 ?

练习：

单项选择题：

（） 1.what are you going to do friday ning ? a.in b.on c.at d.of

( )2.do you he to do ry day ?

a..much work b.many work c.much works d.many works

( )3.what about meat for supper ?

a.to buy some b.to buy any c.buying some d.buying any

( )4. ann her hair this saturday .

a.wash b.washes c. to wash d.is going to wash

( )5.my school is near. i like walking there.

a.too b.quite c.quiet d.so

( )6. these new shoes are for .

a.you and i b.i and you c.you and me d.me and you

( )7. would you like boating ?

a.go b.to go c.going d.to go to

( )8. why not there by bus ?

a.to go b.goes c. go d .going

( )9. are you free next saturday ? ------------------.

a.sure b.i think so c .nothing much d.why

( )10.i s li ming good singing ?

a.at b.in c.on d. for

( )11.i he some books .

a.read b.reading c.to read d.to reading

( )12.a.re you going to stay at school on may day ? no, im not. .

a.im going to home b.im home c.im going home d. i go to home

( )13. kate has good friends at school.

a.a quite lot of b,quite a lot of c.quite a lot d.a quite of

( )14. its five miles the farm the bus stop .

a.from , to b.to, from c.from , with d.from ,by

( )15. our teacher likes us english in the morning .

a.to read b.reading c.read d.reads

( )16. they are going to play football next friday.

a.on b./ c.in d.at

( )17. lets now .

a.going to the park b.to play s c.are singing d.he a rest

3 . 形容词的比较级和的用法：

(1) 表示两者之间的比较时用比较级,常用于“比较级 +than ”结构.如：

this box is heier than that one . 这个盒子比那个重.

he is much taller than i am > , 口语一般用 me >. 他比我高很多.通常可用 much, a little , a lot , still , n 等词修饰比较级.还可以用“数词 + 名词”构成的名词短语表示确定的度量,来修饰比较级.如：

i am ten years older than my little brother. 我比我的大了十岁.

(2) 表示三者或三者以上的比较时用,常用于“最 -----“.

的前面一般要加定冠词 the, 后面可带 of 短语来说明比较的范围.如： the one with nuts is the nst of all . 里面夹果仁的月饼是所有月饼中吃的. li lei is the best at english in his class. 李雷在他们班英语学得.

此外,还可以被序数词所修饰.如：

the yellow river is the second longest in china. 黄河是第二大长河.

一, 根据句意填入适当的词：

1,they are hing tea the open air .

2,thank you very much your .

3,would you like to come supper?

4,wu xia is the at chinese in her class.

5,this is a book many colour picture

6,our classroom is clean .it is cleaner yours.

7,this bottle is empty .may i he a one ?

8,what is the with your pen ? it is broken.

9, is the third season of a year.

二, 句子改写：

ma li lis ruler is longer than kates.( 变为一般疑问句 )

—— ma li lis ruler____,_____kates?

2,jims box is the heiest of all.( 变为否定句 )

jims box _____the heiest of all.

3,the black bag is the oldest of the four .( 对划线部分提问 )

_____ _____is the oldest of the four ?

4,li lei is thir. zhang hong is twelve.( 连成一句 )

li lei is one year____ _____zhang hong.

5,tom is the tallest boy in the class.( 同义句改写 )

tom is ____ than____ _____boy in the class.

6,he watches tv ry evning.( 用 this ning 替换 ry ning)

he _____ _____ _____ ______tv this ning.

三, 用所给的词的适当形式填空：

1,i he nothing_____(do) today.

2,is lucy running_____(slow) than lili ?

3,what kind of _____(duck) are you feeding now?

4,his hobby is____(is)an artist.

5,which do you think is______(beauty), the city or the country?

6can you hear soming_______(sing) in the next room?

7,stop_____(play). now lets he our lesson.

8what _____(grow)on this farm?

9,now my brother is learning more about ______(draw).

10,riding a bike is much ______(easy).

四, 根据句意填上一个最恰当的词,使句子通顺,语确：

1,do you all agree____her? 2, the corn_____slowly.

3,i pick more pears than he_____. 4,why____come with us ?

5,which ____faster , a taxi or a bus ? 6,today she____to stay at

home. 7,my little dog is gry. i must _____it.

8,my mother likes ____me some stories at weekend.

9,what are you going to do after you _____school?

10,i think the trees in shenyang is much fewer than____in dalia. 五,句型转换：

1,please walk guickly, or you will miss the train.

______ ______ _____walk guickly,you will miss the train.

2,do you he time this weekend? ____ you___this weekend?

3, lets he a rest ? ____ ____ ____a rest? ____ ____he a rest.

4, which is the way to the station, please ?

______ _____the station, please?

5,i dont know. i he _____ ______.

6,the t off is not inside the station.

the t off is______the station.

7,jim sits in front of bill. bill sits_____jim.

8,today some countries dont use animals to do farm work any more. today some countries____ _____use animals to do farm

work.

9,this pen is cheaper than any other one in the shop.

this pen is_____ ______in the shop.

五, 动词的适当形式填空：

1． listen! who______(sing) in the classroom?

2,may i_____(come)in? im sorry im late.

it_____(not, matter). come in ,please.

3.jim usually____(do) his homework at school,but he______

(do) it at home now .

4,we____(see)uncle wang tomorrow. would you like______

(go) with us ? 5,why not______(go) boating?

6.what about _______(go) on a picnic?

4 ．提建议的表达方法：

ⅰ、 shall i / we do( 动词原形 )------ ?表示“我 / 我们 ----- 好吗?” 例： shall we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗?

ⅱ、 lets do( 动词原形 )------ .表示“让我们做 ----- 吧”

例： lets make it half past one. 让我们定在一点半吧.

iii 、 why not do( 动词原形 )------ 表示“为什么不做 ----- 呢?”

例： why not give her some flowers? 为什么不送给她一些花呢?

5 ．怎样“表示需要”、“询问方向”和“指点方向”

i ．表示需要： 1.he needs some . 2.you need a number 16 bus.

3.which number do i need ?

ii. 怎样“问路（询问方向）”：

1.e xcuse me. which is the way to the t off?

2.excuse me. can(could) you l me the way to the park?

3.excuse me. can(could) you show me the way to the bookshop?

4.excuse me. do you know the way to the bank?

5.excuse me. how can i get to the farm ?

6.excuse me.can(could) you l me how i can get to the hospital?

7.excuse me,can(could) you l me where the theatre is?

8.excuse me.where is the nearest hospital, please?

iii. 怎样“指点道路”（指点方向）：

1 、 its over there on the right /left.

2 、 its next to /in front of /behind /outside the school.

3 、 walk along /do down this road.

4 、 take the first turning on the left /right.==turn left /right at the

first turning.

5、 ts about two dred metres along on the left /right .

6、 ts about five kilometers away.

a) its about ten minutes ‘ walk from here.

b) the nearest is about three kilometers away. you need a no.1 bus.

c) take a no.3 bus on the right and get off at the sixth stop.

6. 序数词的用法：表示事物的顺序叫序数词.序数词往往与定冠词 the 连用.

（ 1 ）, 1----3 ,没有规律,要逐个记忆.

one first ; two second ; three third ;

(2). 4-----12. 有规律,其中 four, six , sn ,ten , eln 是在基数词的后面加上 th, 而 five fifth , eight eighth , nine ninth , twelve twelfth 是没有规律,要逐个记忆.

(3). 13------20 有规律,是在基数词的后面加上 th 就行.

（ 4 ）.第二十至第九十的整十的倍数都是在基数词后将词尾的 -y 改为 i, 再加 - 构成的.

（ 5 ）,十位以上的基数词变成序数词时,把个位数变成序数词即可,十位数不变.百、千、百万都是在基数词的后面直接加上 -th 构成.

（ 6 ）,序数词的缩写形式是由数字加上序数词的两个字母构成.

附：基数词变为序数词的口诀：

基变序,有规律,词尾加上 th ；

一、二、三,特殊记,词尾字母 t,d,d ;

八减 t , 九减 e, f 来把 ve 替；

单词 ty 作结尾, ty 变成 tie;

若是碰到几十几,只变个位就可以.

练习题：

一．听力： 20 分. （四个类型）略.

二．笔试： 80 分.

《一》. 词汇：

a．根据句子的意思及首字母提示,用适当的词填空：

1． w______back to school. 2.october comes after s_______.

3.there are many b______flowers in the park.

4.e______is the biggest animal on the land.

5.walk along this road, and take the fourth t_____on the right.

6.shall we meet o_____the school gate?

7.dont swim in the river. its d_______.

8.tigers usually live in the f______and the mountains.

9.its far from here.you had better c_____a bus .

d) thank you all the s______.

e) do you n____any , miss black?

f) lets make it half past nine .no p_____.

g) this big box is too h______.i cant carry it .

h) jim often goes the w_____way .

i) i am very t______. shall i he a rest?

b. 按要求写出下列各词：

1. busy( 比较级 )______ 2.big( )_______3.early( 比较级 )____4.n( )______5.beautiful( 比较级 )___________

6.good( 比较级 )______7.many( )______8.slowly( 比较级 )_____9.five( 序数词 )_____10.one( 序数词 )_____11.two( 序数词 )_______12.three( 序数词 )______13.nine( 序数词 )______

14. twelve( 序数词 )_____15 .twenty( 序数词 )_____16. swim( 现在分词 )_____17. close( 形容词 )_____18. friend( 形容词 )______

19. wish( 复数 )______20. full( 反义词 )_____21. before( 反义词 )_____22. right( 同音词 )_____23. alse( 同义词 )______24. free( 反义词 )_____25. strong( 比较级 )______26.foot( 复数 )______27. run( 名词 )_____28. zoo( 复数 )_____29. play( 名词 )______30. quick( 副词 )______

c. 根据汉语提示,用单词的适当形式填空：

1． lucy is feeling much ______( 更好 )now.

2． this turkey ________( 尝起来 )fine.

2. miss li is __________( 讲 )children a story.

3. at night ,there are many ______( 星星 )in the sky.

4. he jumps_______( )at the sports meeting.

二．选择填空： 20 分.略.

三．改写句子：根据要求完成下列各句：

1. he is washing his clothes now.( 用 tomorrow 改写 )

he is _______ ______wash his clothes tomorrow.

2. he is taller than any other student in his class.( 变为同义句 )

he is______ _______in his class.

3. you had better go there on foot .( 改为否定句 )

you had ______ ______go there on foot.

4. they are going to lee on monday.( 划线部分提问 )

_______ _______they going to lee?

5. you usually come to school by bike.( 改为否定疑问句 )

_______you usually______to school by bike?

四．口语运用：从 b 栏中找出能与 a 栏配对的答语：

a b

( )1.what are you going to do next sunday? a.some bread.

( )2.shall we go to the zoo? b.some bread ,please.

( )3.when shall we meet? c.sorry ,im busy .

( )4.what about a quarter past ten ? d.nothing much.

( )5.what can you see on the table / e.at a quarter past ten.

( )6.what would you like ? f. no . lets make it a little earlier.

( )7.are you free tomorrow ? g.i think so.

( )8.could you go there with me tomorrow ? h.good idea.

( )9.what does it say ? i.dont feed the animals.

( )10. would you like to go to the cinema? j. yes, id love to.

五．动词填空：用所给的动词的适当形式填空：

1._______jim usually______(walk) to school ?

2.ryone _____( be) here. let the teacher ______(start) his lesson.

3.i he much homework________(do) and i must finish________(do)it first .

5. she usually ______(play) football on sundays,but now she _____(swim).

6. what ____he_________(do) tomorrow ?

六．补全对话：

a ; excuse me,______ _______a fruit shop near here ?

b; i am______i_______know. i am new here. you had better______that polman_______there.

a; thank you ______the_____.

b:excuse me , ______the nearest fruit shop ,please?

c;sorry ,there isnt.

a:then ______ _______is the nearest one from here?

c: its_______sn kilometers________. you had better catch a bus.

a: which bus shall i take ,please ?

c: the no.105 bus. it will take you______there .

a; where is the bus stop ,please ?

c: go along this road , and then take the first turning on the right. you can see______in front of you .

a; thank you very much.

c: not at all.

七．看图完成对话：

kate: excuse me! _____can i

____ _____the nearest market ,please?

jill:_____ ______this street, and

______the third______on the ____.

then take the second turning on the _______.

its about _______ _____ _____along on the right.

kate: oh, i see. thanks a lot .

jill:its my pleasure.

八．书面表达：

根据要求写一段对话：（看图写,不少与 50 个词）

henry is going to buy a dictionary.

he doesntknow the way to the bookshop .

so he asks sam to go with him .

but sam says he is busy. he shows henry

on the map .look at the map,and make a dialogue.

初二英语下册英语语法知识总结

英语动词中，有的后面要接名词或代词等作宾语，有的单独作谓语，而有的后面要接形容词或名词等做主语的补充成分。下面是我给大家带来的初二英语下册英语语法知识点总结，希望能够帮助到大家!

感官系动词

我们把后面接主语补充成分的动词称为系动词。

1. 最常用的系动词是be，另外还有5个感官系动词，如：look(看上去)，taste(尝上去)，feel(摸起来)，ell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)等。例如：

The film is interesting. 这部电影很有趣。

The cookies ell delicious. 这些曲奇闻起来很香。

The soup tastes too salty. 汤尝起来太咸了。

The bed feels hard. 这床摸上去很硬。

The idea sounds quite good. 这个想法听起来非常好。

All the children look happy. 所有的孩子看起来都很开心。

上面用到的系动词ell，taste，feel，sound，look相当于汉语中的闻起来，尝起来，摸上去，听上去，看起来的概念。

2. 要注意这类系动词和系动词be不同，其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助动词do。例如：

The dishes do not ell very n. 这些菜闻起来不太好。

Does he look worried? 他看上去担心吗?

The cake does not taste very good. 这蛋糕尝起来不太好。

现在完成时(一)

1. 现在完成时定义：强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

例如：

Betty went to the park yesterday. (强调去公园的动作发生在昨天)

Betty has been to the park before. (强调不仅去过公园，而且了解公园的状况)

2. 现在完成时的谓语结构：he/has + 动词的过去分词

例如：

I’ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday.

句中的谓语结构为：he wanted

Lingling has visited the US.

句中的谓语结构为：has visited

3. 句式结构

(1)肯定句式：主语+he / has+动词过去分词+其他。

(2)否定句式：主语+he / has+not+动词过去分词+ 其他。he not 和has not 分别缩写为hen’t和hasn’t。

(3)一般疑问句式：He / Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他? 肯定答语为Yes, 主语+he / has.;否定答语为No, 主语+hen’t / hasn’t.

4. 过去分词的构成

规则动词过去分词的构成规则与规则动词过去式的构成规则相同。

(1)动词一般在词尾加“-ed”。如：work→worked→worked

(2)以“e”结尾的动词，词尾直接加“-d”。如：live→lived→lived

(3)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为 “i”，再加“-ed”。如：cry→cried→cried

(4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。如：stop→stopped→stopped

欢现在完成时(二)

1. 当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：

I he just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。

Astronauts he already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。

He has just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。

可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”， already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于he / has 之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”，有“以后可以会”的含义。

例如：

The scientists he not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。

Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。

2. 另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：

I he just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。

I he already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。

3. 在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢?判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：

A: Where he you put my book? I can’t find it. 你把我的书放哪儿去了?我找不到。

B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。

该对话中，当A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：

A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗?

B: Sorry, I he seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。

对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。

现在完成时(三)

1. 现在完成时定义：也可以表示某一动作从过去一直延续到现在。

例如：Jane has kept the book for three days. 简已经借这本书三天了。

The boy has had the bike since last Sunday. 自从上周五，这个男孩就买了这辆自行车。

2. 现在完成时的时间短语：for和since时间短语是现在完成时的常用时间短语，是现在完成时的标志。

for后面加时间段，表示一段时间。

例如：for two weeks;for one month

since后面加时间点，表示自……以来。

例如：since last week;since 2008

注意：对for和since时间短语提问用How long

注意：动词分为延续性动词(表示延续性的动作或状态)和瞬间动词(表示动作在瞬间完成)。

延续性动词常和表示时间段的短语连用。例如for短语和since短语。

瞬间动词不能和for短语和since短语连用。

例如：His father has died for two years.(×)

His father has been dead for two years. (√)

一般过去时常犯错误

1. 把动词变为过去式易出错。

例如：They stoped talking just now.

解析：stop的过去时为stopped。辅音加y，y变i加ed;元音加y，在词尾直接加ed。

2. 忘记把动词变为过去式。

例如：I fly kites on the afternoon of last Sunday.

解析：fly应该用过去式flew。对此，我们应该记住在一般过去时的时态里，过去式不要忘记。

3. 在句式变换时出错。

例如：We didn’t went last Friday.

解析：didn’t went应改为didn’t go。请记住“见助动词用原形”。

4. 易与现在完成时弄混。

例如：I saw the film, so I don’t want to go now.

解析：正确为：I he seen the film, so I don’t want to go now.“我不想去”说明了我了解这部影片的内容，强调现在的情况，应该用现在完成时。

时态区分

一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。观察下列句子。

1. I often watch cartoons films. 我经常看卡通片。

2. I watched Spiderman last week. 我上周看了《蜘蛛侠》。

3. I he already watched Spiderman. I do not want to watch it again. 我已看过《蜘蛛侠》了，不想再看了。

可以看出：

1. 经常性、习惯性的动作，所以用一般现在时。

2. 在过去某个时间发生的行为，用一般过去时。

3. 动作也是在过去，但是没有明确的表示过去的时间，并且强调的是结果，即现在不想看了，所以用现在完成时。

简单句的基本结构

英语是一种结构型的语言，动词在句型构成中起着重要作用。英语的句子以谓语为中心，前面是动作的执行者(被动语态除外)，后面接动作的承受者。

1. 主语+系动词+表语(+状语)

主语

系动词

表语

状语

These books

are

interesting.

Tom

very happy

today.

2. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语)

主语

谓语

状语

The first book

came out

in 2009.

The rain

has stopped.

3.(状语+)主语+谓(及物动词+宾(+状语)

状语

主语

谓语

宾语

状语

Ibought

a very good book

last week.

Every day

my mother

prepares

breakfast

for me.

4.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 +(状语)

主语

谓语

间接宾语

直接宾语

状语

His hobby

has brought

him

enjoyment.

My father

bought

a very good bike

on my birthday.

5.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语(+状语)

主语

谓语

宾语

宾语补足语

状语

can

you

dlop new skills.

step by step.

Ido not want

you

to work too hard.

The news

made

ryone

happy.

6. There +be +主语(+状语)

There

主语

状语

There

are

many books

in his schoolbag.

There

a very n cup

on the table.

并列复合句

1. 并列复合句的定义：由并列连词and, but, or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。

例如：

Jane has kept the book for three days and she must return it tomorrow. 简保留这本书已经三年了，她明天必须归还。

The boy fell off the bike, but he didn’t hurt. 这个男孩从自行车上摔下来，但是没有受伤。

2. 并列复合句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句

例如：

I him and he s me. 我帮助他，他帮助我。

You must put on your coat, or you’ll he a bad cold in such a cold day. 你必须穿上外套，否则，在这样冷的天气里，你一定会得重感冒的。

3. 并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。

(1)并列关系。

They are watching TV, and the others are listening to the radio. 他们正在看电视，其他人正在听收音机。

(2)选择关系。

The children can go with us, or they can stay at home. 孩子们可以和我们一起去，或者，他们也可以待在家里。

(3)转折关系。

She was tired, but she did not stop working. 她累了，但她没有停止工作。

4. 使用并列复合句要注意的两种情况。

(1)并列复合句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。如：We fished all day; we did not catch a single fish.

(2)并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。如：Snoopy lives in his own world and (Snoopy) finds real life hard to understand.

宾语从句

1. 宾语从句定义

我们在第六模块复习了简单句的几种基本句型, 其中有一种是“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构。其中, 名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或to do形式都可以作宾语，例如buy a book, beat him, stop doing sth., want to do sth.等。这些例子中的宾语是用一个单词或短语来表达的。

但是, 当要用英语表达“我知道你昨天去看电影了”时，我们就无法在know后用一个单词表达出“你昨天去看电影了”这个意思。“你昨天去看电影了”这个结构中包含行为本身，行为的发出者和行为的承受者，是一个完整的句子，因此只能用句子表达。这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子, 我们称为“宾语从句”。

2. 宾语从句分为三类：

(1)that 的宾语从句

I hope (that) it will snow this winter. 我希望这个冬天下雪。

(2)wher/if 的宾语从句

I’m not sure if he will come. 我不确定他明天是否来。

(3)疑问词的宾语从句

I want to know what he will do next. 我想知道接下来他要做什么。

3. that的宾语从句

当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望、相信、知道、说”时，其后面的句子一般用that。that 没有任何词汇含义，只有语能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句。多数情况下 that 可以省略。例如：

I hope (that) it will snow this winter. 我希望这个冬天下雪。

Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air. 贝蒂认为树木可以改善空气。

常接 that 宾语从句的谓语动词有：beli, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, l, think, under, stand, warn, wish等。

4. 宾语从句的时态

主句中谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制，可根据具体情况判断时态;主句中谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须要用某种过去时态，以保持时态的前后呼应。注意当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。

试比较：

He says that he wants to see him as soon as sible. 他说他想尽快见到他。(现在)

He said that he wanted to see him as soon as sible. 他说他想尽快见到他。(过去)

He says that he is mending his bike. 他说他正在修理自行车。(现在)

He said that he was mending his bike. 他说他正在修理自行车。(过去)

The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

5. 宾语从句的否定转移

主句是 I/We think/supe/guess/ beli 等，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中，这就是否定转移。

我认为鸡不会游泳。

误：I think chickens can not swim.

正：I don't think chickens can swim.

wher/if的宾语从句

如果我们要表达像“他不知道他们周六是否会去植树”或“我记不清以前是否见过他”这样的不确定的概念时，从句就要用 wher 或 if 来，不能用 that。

例如：

He does not know wher they will plant trees on Saturday or not. 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。

He asks wher/if we will go fishing on Sunday. 他问我们周日是否去钓鱼。

Tom wants to know wher/if he needs to come early tomorrow. 汤姆想知道他明天是否需要早点来。

注意：if与wher宾语从句时都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下可以互换。但是在动词不定式之前、介词之后或者句尾有or not出现时，一般只能用wher。

例如：We hen’t decided wher to go or not. 我们还没决定是否会去。

疑问词的宾语从句

通过本模块的学习，相信同学们已经注意到，有的宾语从句既不用that，也不用wher或if，而是用when，where，how或why等疑问词，这是从句意思表达的需要。

例如要表达“他问什么时间出发”时，句中的“什么时间”之类的疑问时，我们就要使用相应的疑问词来从句。但是，在疑问词的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述句语序。例如：

He asks how we can protect the environment. 他问我们如何帮助保护环境。

Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting? 你知道我们什么时候举办运动会吗?

宾语从句的时态

1. 在前两个模块中，我们学习了三种宾语从句。

除了我们讲过的词和语序问题，还有一个时态问题。请同学们观察下面宾语从句的时态特点。

I can hardly beli we are in the city centre.

I am sure it will be fantastic to see the city from the top.

I did not know who she was.

We thought somebody was moving about.

Lingling’s uncle said that it was wrong to pull lees off plants.

从上面的句子中我们不难发现，宾语从句的时态和主句的时态是息息相关的。

当主句是现在时态时，从句可以根据实际情况选择不同时态。

当主句是过去时态时，从句一般使用相应的过去时态。

2. 时态运用

(1)当主句是现在时态时，从句可以根据实际情况选择不同时态。

现在时包括一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。

He ls us that he will go shopping later. 他告诉我他一会儿去购物。

I don’t know why you were surprised. 我不知道你为什么如此惊讶。

(2)当主句是过去时态时，从句一般使用相应的过去时态。

过去时态包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。

He asked if he could watch TV after finishing his homework. 他问他完成作业后是否可以看电视。

3. 当宾语从句为客观事实、客观真理时，要用一般现在时。

He told me that the earth goes round the sun. 他(过去)告诉我地球绕着太阳转。

初二英语下册语法归纳有哪些

要想学好英语，就必须学好英语知识点中的英语语法。那么初二英语下册语法归纳有哪些?下面是我分享给大家的初二英语下册语法归纳，希望大家喜欢!

初二英语下册语法归纳

1) lee的用法

1.“lee+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you lee Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的?

2.“lee for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Al is leing for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“lee+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leing Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去? 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道?

Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚? should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点：

1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...?

1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于：

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?

---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：

What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色?

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色?

3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如： Which pictures are from China? 哪些来自? 4) 频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always(总是，一直) usually(通常) often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) nr(从不) 2.频度副词的位置：

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： Did is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 ry day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。

c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如： Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。

3.nr放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如： Nr he I been there. 5) ry day 与 ryday

1. ry day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 ry day. 我们每天7：10去上学。

I decide to read English ry day. 我决定每天读英语。

2. ryday 作定语，译为“日常的”。

She watches ryday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。 What's your ryday activity? 你的日常活动是什么? 6) 什么是助动词

1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如： He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词，无词义;like是主要动词，有词义) 2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a. 表示时态，例如： He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合

初二英语下册单元知识点

Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?

一、词组

be from= come form 来自...

pen pal=pen friend 笔友 l

ike and dislike 好恶;爱憎。

live in +地点在...居住

speak +语言讲某种语言

play sports 做体育运动

a little French 一些法语

go to the movies 去看电影

write to 给某人写信

an action movie 一部动作片

on weekends 在周末

l about sth 告诉某人某事

Excuse me 对不起，打扰

get to 到达、抵达。

二、句型

1、Where+be+主语+from?

主语+be+from+地点.

2、Where do/does+主语+live?

主语+live/lives in…

3、What language do/does +主语+speak?

主语+speak/speaks….

4、主语+like/likes+doing/to do…

5. What is your forite subject/sport?

My forite subject/sport is…

6.Is that your new pen pal?

-Yes, it is.

初二英语下册第二单元知识点

Unit 2 Where’s the t off

一、词组

t off 邮局

pay phone 投式公用电话

next to 在...隔壁

across from 在...对面

in front of 在...前面

between…and…在...和...之间

on a street 在街上

in the neighborhood 在附近

on the right/left 在右边/在左边

behind…在…后面

near…在…附近

go straight 一直走

enjoy+名词/doing喜欢做某事

he fun 过得愉快

turn right/left 向右/左转

take a walk 散步

he fun 玩得开心

the way to …去...的路

take a taxi 打的/乘出租车

go down(along)…沿着...走

go through...穿过..

he a good trip 旅途愉快

arrive at(小地方) /in(大地方)到达

at the beginning of 在...开始的时候

at the end of 在...结束的时候

二、日常交际用语

1、Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is .It’s on Centre Street. /No, there isn’t.

2、Where’s the supermarket? It’s next to the library.

3、Bridge Street is a good place to he fun.

4、I hope you he a good trip.

5.If you are gry,you can buy food in the restaurant.

6、Talk a walk though the park..

7. I know you are arriving next Sunday. 我知道你下周日要来。

三、句型

1、Is there a ….?

-Excuse me.Is there a ho in the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. No.there isn’t

2、Where is …?

-Where is the park,please?

-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)

-I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答)

3、Which is the way to +地点?

- Which is the way to the library.

4、How can I get to +地点?

-How can I get to the restaurant?

5、Can you l me the way to +地点?

- Can you l me the way to the t off?

6、Let me l you the way to my house.

7、Just go straight and turn left.

初二下英语语法(初二下英语语法思维导图)

初二下册英语语法

八年级英语下册语法知识

初二下学期英语语法

初二英语下册英语语法知识总结

初二英语下册语法归纳有哪些

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