therebe后面加逗号吗(therebe后面可以接动词吗)

there be句型分析

1.There is a tree in front of the house.

therebe后面加逗号吗(therebe后面可以接动词吗)

therebe后面加逗号吗(therebe后面可以接动词吗)

therebe后面加逗号吗(therebe后面可以接动词吗)

There is 谓语

a tree 主语

in front of the house. 介词短语做地点状语。

2.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.

There are 谓语

two boys of 9,and three of 10.两个并列的主语(意思是：“两个9岁的男孩【和】三个十岁的男孩”)

3.There are two boys of Toms there.

There are 谓语

two boys of Toms 主语

there.副词，做地点状语（意思是：“在那里”）

定语从句,如果从句为there be 句型那关系词用that,谁能举个例子?

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种.

（一） 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that

By the time you arrive in London, we will he stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, soming, anything, rything或nothing时,常用there is来

（二）非限定性定语从句：

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming he changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处.

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反.

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了.

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物.

一.定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.

2.关系词：定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等.

关系词常有3个作用：1,定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分.

二.关系代词的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I ed an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略.

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略.

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如:

He is the man whom/who I talk to.

如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如:

He is the man who has an English book.

4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom；指物时,相当于which.在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略.

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

三.介词+关系代词的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词

(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we he often talked about.

(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we he often talked.

注意：

1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which he gone bad.

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

四．关系副词的定语从句

1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got toger finally came.

2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please l me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

(3) Great changes he taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开

意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整

译法上 翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句

关系词的使用上 A．做宾语时可省略 B.可用that

C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B.不用that

C.不用who代替whom

限制性定语从句举例：

(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

(2) China is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例：

(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学.（他还有其他的哥哥）

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学.（他只有一个哥哥）

六、判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll nr forget the days when I worked toger with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will nr forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对） I'll nr forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

：例1 D,例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) .

介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.

2）that前不能有介词.

3） 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换.

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do yoemember the day on which you joined our club?

Do yoemember the day when you joined our club?

先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whor spits in public will be punished here.

(Whor 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they he to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中.

As we know, oking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例题

1）Al received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选he句意不通.

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可.That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通.

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prnted me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

B.

as 和which在非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语.但不同之处主要有两点：

(1） as 的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可.

(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which..

在本题中,prnt由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.

As 的用法

例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样…….

I he got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可非限制性从句,常带有'正如'.

As we know, oking is harmful to one's health.

As is know, oking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式.

关系代词that 的用法

1）不用that的情况

a) 在非限定性定语从句时.

(错) The tree, that is four dred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用.

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.

b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.

c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that.

d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词时,只用that..

e) 先行词既有人,又有物时.

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题.

Finally, the thief handed rything that he had stolen to the pol.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.

难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, rything, nothing (soming 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由ry, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) He you taken down rything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems imsible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I he seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can yoemember the scientist and his theory that we he learned?

（二）关系代词as和which的定语从句

as和which非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处.具体情况是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子.

(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as 非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后.另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思

(1) As is known to all, China is a dloping country.

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than sral times, which I don’t beli.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as

(1) I he nr heard such a story as he ls.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that定语从句,但是和由as所的定语从句意思不同

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子.

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子.

（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that,而且通常可以省略.

(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.

(四) but有时也可以做关系词定语从句

(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )

(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系

(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句

(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that,在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, wher, what等词,充当成分

(1) The news he told me is true.

(2) The news that he has just died is true.

(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语

(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以

(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for a is wonderful. 同位语

(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for a.

(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.

(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

there be 句型地点放前 需要逗号隔开吗？

不需要的，除非地点很长，尤其是有一定语的时候，为了隔开看明白，需要加逗号。一般时间或者是地点放在句子后面，表示在什么时间什么地点有什么。

There is no hospital near here.

这附近没有医院。

near here是地点状语，在附近，如果提前的话，Near here there is no hospital.

There be句型中的主格怎么用

在there be句型中，主格结构用在后面，因为be已经是句子的谓语了，所以主格结构加在后面，是对there be句型的补充和修饰。例如：Therewerelotsofpeopleinthereadingroom, mostof them withtheirheadentovertheirbooks.mostof them就是主格结构。

一、 主格结构的含义和实质

“主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不，因此传统语法叫做“主格结构”。其实，所谓“主格结构”并非真正，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。

二、 主格结构的基本形式和功能

主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)，表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。

基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with的复合结构。

1. 名词/代词+ 现在分词

现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。

例

His homework hing been done, Tom went to sleep.

So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.

The man lay there, his hands trembling.

注：“结构”中的being或 hing been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。

2. 名词/代词+过去分词

过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。

例 The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.

Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.

The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.

后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了hing been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。

3. 名词/代词+不定式

不定式表示的是将来的动作。

例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.

These are the first two books， the third one to come out next month.

We shall get toger at 7:30, the procession() to start moving at 8 sharp.

4. 名词/代词+名词

名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。

例 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.

He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.

5. 名词/代词+形容词短语

形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。

例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.

I heard that she got injured in the accident， my heart full of sorry.

这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。

6. 名词/代词+副词

副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。

例 The meeting over, we all went home.

He sat at the table, head down.

Nobody in, he left a message on the board.

7. 名词/代词+介词短语

介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。

例 The teacher came in, a book under his arm.

The ter entered the forest， gun in hand.

Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.

8. with的复合结构, 也可以认为是一种主格结构

例 A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.

The teacher came in with sral students following behind.

With a lot of things to deal with, he will he a difficult time.

Mary rushed out of the house with the door open.

With the work done, he went out to eat.

He left the off with the lights on.

三、 学习主格结构应注意的一些问题

1. 主格结构中分句和主句的主语不一致

从以上例子可以看出，含有主格结构的句子，前后主语是不一致的，这也是主格结构和非谓语分句作状语的最重要区别。

例 (1) Hearing the news, he was very excited.

(2) Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.

在这两个句子里，个句子，前后的主语是一致的，都是he, 也就是说动词hear的动作发出者是主语he , 因此它是一个现在分词短语作状语表示原因的句子;而第二个句子，我们可以发现，有两个主语，个是动词come 的逻辑主语winter, 而第二个主语是句子真正的主语it，非谓语动词coming 和it 之间没有任何关系，因此它是一个主格结构。

2. 在主格结构中，动词是用现在分词还是过去分词

一般来说如果逻辑主语和动词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词。如：Time permitting, we will go out to play.一句中，time 和 permit 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系--- “时间允许”，因此用现在分词。 如果逻辑主语和动词之间是动宾关系，并且有被动的意思，用过去分词。如：“More time given,we should he done it better. ”一句中，time 和give 之间的关系是动宾关系，有被动的意思---“如果被给更多时间”，因此用过去分词。

3. 主格结构相当于一个状语从句

主格结构不是一个句子，而是相当于一个状语从句,可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随情况等。

例 Work done, John went home.相当于一个表示时间的状语从句：When the work has been done, John went home.

例There being no buses, we had to walk home.相当于一个表示原因的状语从句：Because there are no buses, we had to walk home.

4. 完成时态的运用

在主格结构中如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动作时间之前，常用现在分词的完成时态hing done， 根据情况确定是用主动还是被动。

例

The last bus hing gone, we had to walk home.

His wallet hing been stolen, he didn’t know what to do next.